Global GridAustralia's energy mix and electricity
🇦🇺 In 2025, Australia generated 287 TWh of electricity. The largest source was coal at 43%, followed by solar (20%) and gas (16%). In total, 39% came from low-carbon sources (nuclear and renewables) and 61% from fossil fuels.
On average, each kilowatt hour produced about 525 grams of carbon dioxide (CO₂), above the world average of 458 grams in 2025. That makes Australia the 103rd cleanest of 158 countries that generate at least 1 TWh a year.
Electricity demand was 287 TWh. Its electricity imports and exports were roughly in balance.
Since 2000, electricity generation has grown by 32%, from 217 TWh. The low-carbon share went from 8% to 39%. The biggest rise was in solar, from 0% to 20% of generation. The biggest fall was in coal, from 83% to 43%. Carbon intensity fell from 806 to 525 grams per kWh.
Live figures for Australia, updated every 20 minutes for its eastern and southern states, are on the live dashboard.
Energy mix in 2025
- Coal 43%
- Solar 20%
- Gas 16%
- Wind 14%
- Hydro 4.3%
- Oil and other fossil fuels 2.2%
- Bioenergy 1.1%
| Source | Share | Generated |
|---|---|---|
| Coal | 43% | 123 TWh |
| Solar | 20% | 56.5 TWh |
| Gas | 16% | 47.1 TWh |
| Wind | 14% | 39.3 TWh |
| Hydro | 4.3% | 12.3 TWh |
| Oil and other fossil fuels | 2.2% | 6.31 TWh |
| Bioenergy | 1.1% | 3.16 TWh |
Total energy mix in 2024
Electricity is only part of the energy Australia uses: fuel for transport, heating and industry counts too. In 2024, Australia used 1,670 TWh of energy in all (primary energy). The largest source was oil at 37%, followed by coal (26%) and gas (22%). Fossil fuels made up 85% and low-carbon sources (nuclear and renewables) 15%.
- Oil 37%
- Coal 26%
- Gas 22%
- Solar 7.4%
- Wind 4.8%
- Hydro 1.9%
- Other renewables 0.6%
- Biofuels 0.1%
| Source | Share of all energy |
|---|---|
| Oil | 37% |
| Coal | 26% |
| Gas | 22% |
| Solar | 7.4% |
| Wind | 4.8% |
| Hydro | 1.9% |
| Other renewables | 0.6% |
| Biofuels | 0.1% |
Primary energy, with nuclear and renewable electricity counted as the fuel a power station would need to make it (the "substitution method"). Here "other renewables" is the Energy Institute's "geothermal, biomass and other" power generation, and biofuels are liquid fuels such as ethanol and biodiesel. Source: Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy via Our World in Data (CC BY 4.0).
Energy security score
Strong. Australia ranks 7th of 158 countries and 1st of 6 in Oceania. The score shows how well a country could keep electricity affordable and on if fuel supplies were disrupted.
| Measure | Score |
|---|---|
| Produces its own energy In 2024, Australia produced energy equal to 311% of all the energy it used (100% or more scores full marks). | 100 |
| Variety of power sources How evenly generation is spread across nine sources. The largest, coal, made 43%. | 82 |
| Little reliance on imported power Australia exported more electricity than it imported, so it scores full marks. | 100 |
| Low-carbon power Nuclear and renewables made 39% of generation. | 39 |
| Low gas and oil use Gas and oil made 19% of generation; the score is 100 minus that share. | 81 |
The five measures are weighted 30%, 20%, 20%, 15% and 15%. How the score works.
Oil and gas pipelines
Global Energy Monitor lists 30,345 km of oil and gas pipelines operating in Australia, 45 km being built and 3,523 km proposed (lengths measured along the mapped routes; a pipeline crossing borders counts in full for each country). For liquefied natural gas (LNG), shipped by sea, it lists 0 import terminals operating (4 more being built or proposed) and 19 export terminals operating (7 more being built or proposed).
See them on the interactive map · Pipelines around the world
How it has changed
| Year | Generated | Low-carbon | Fossil | CO₂ g/kWh |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 217 TWh | 8% | 92% | 806 |
| 2005 | 231 TWh | 10% | 91% | 792 |
| 2010 | 251 TWh | 9% | 91% | 776 |
| 2015 | 254 TWh | 14% | 87% | 730 |
| 2020 | 265 TWh | 24% | 76% | 642 |
| 2024 | 282 TWh | 36% | 64% | 554 |
| 2025 | 287 TWh | 39% | 61% | 525 |
Questions about Australia's energy
What is Australia's energy mix?
In 2025, Australia's electricity came from coal 43%, solar 20%, gas 16% and wind 14%. Counting all the energy it uses, including fuel for transport and heating, the mix in 2024 was oil 37%, coal 26%, gas 22% and solar 7.4%.
How much of Australia's electricity is renewable?
39% of its electricity came from renewables in 2025 (solar 20%, wind 14%, hydro 4.3% and bioenergy 1.1%).
What is Australia's main source of electricity?
Coal, which made 43% of its electricity in 2025.
How clean is Australia's electricity?
About 525 grams of CO₂ for each kilowatt hour in 2025, above the world average of 458 grams. It ranks 103rd cleanest of 158 countries that generate at least 1 TWh a year.
Does Australia import electricity?
Its imports and exports were roughly in balance in 2025.
How secure is Australia's energy supply?
Global Grid's energy security score for Australia is 84 out of 100 (strong), 7th of 158 countries. It looks at how much of its own energy it produces, how varied its power sources are, its reliance on imported power and its use of low-carbon power, gas and oil.
Other countries in Oceania
- 🇳🇿 New Zealand
- 🇵🇬 Papua New Guinea
- 🇳🇨 New Caledonia
- 🇬🇺 Guam
- 🇫🇯 Fiji
- 🇵🇫 French Polynesia
- 🇦🇸 American Samoa
- 🇼🇸 Samoa
Sources: Ember yearly electricity data (CC BY 4.0), figures up to 2025; energy production and use by source from the Energy Institute Statistical Review via Our World in Data (CC BY 4.0), 2024; pipelines and LNG terminals from Global Energy Monitor's Global Oil Infrastructure Tracker (June 2026 release) and Global Gas Infrastructure Tracker (November 2025 release) (CC BY 4.0). Ember's latest-year figures are first estimates and may be revised. TWh: terawatt hours (one billion kWh).