How the energy security score works

The energy security score is a number out of 100 for how well a country could keep electricity affordable and the lights on if fuel supplies were disrupted. It is built from five published measures, and you can change how much each one counts on the dashboard.

The five measures

Produces its own energy (30%). The energy a country produces itself (coal, gas and oil it extracts, plus nuclear and renewables) as a share of all the energy it uses, for heating and transport too, not just electricity. 100% or more scores full marks. This figure exists for about 80 countries; elsewhere the measure is left out and the other four count for more.
Variety of power sources (20%). How evenly electricity generation is spread across nine sources: coal, gas, oil, nuclear, wind, solar, hydro, bioenergy and other renewables. A country relying on a single source scores 0; one with an even spread across all nine scores 100. (For the technically minded: it is one minus the Herfindahl index of the shares, rescaled so that nine equal shares score 100.)
Little reliance on imported power (20%). Starts at 100 and loses 2 points for every 1% of electricity demand met by net imports through cables from other countries, down to 0. Countries that export more than they import score full marks.
Low-carbon power (15%). The share of electricity from nuclear and renewables, which do not depend on buying fuel on world markets day to day.
Low gas and oil use (15%). 100 minus the share of electricity made from gas and oil, whose prices swing with world markets.

The overall score is the weighted average of the measures available for that country. 70 or more is shown as strong, 50 to 69 as moderate and below 50 as vulnerable.

An example: France

In 2025, France scored 76 out of 100 (strong).

Measure	Score	Weight
Produces its own energy	53	30%
Variety of power sources	57	20%
Little reliance on imported power	100	20%
Low-carbon power	95	15%
Low gas and oil use	95	15%

The highest scores

Rank	Country	Score
1	🇧🇷 Brazil	92
2	🇸🇻 El Salvador	91
3	🇨🇦 Canada	89
4	🇸🇪 Sweden	87
5	🇨🇴 Colombia	85
6	🇨🇷 Costa Rica	85
7	🇦🇺 Australia	84
8	🇮🇸 Iceland	84
9	🇰🇪 Kenya	84
10	🇳🇴 Norway	84
11	🇬🇹 Guatemala	83
12	🇪🇨 Ecuador	82
13	🇺🇦 Ukraine	82
14	🇺🇸 United States	82
15	🇺🇾 Uruguay	82
16	🇫🇮 Finland	81
17	🇻🇪 Venezuela	81
18	🇨🇳 China	80
19	🇵🇦 Panama	80
20	🇷🇪 Réunion	80

Rankings leave out countries generating under 1 TWh of electricity a year (mostly small islands), whose rounded figures can mislead. Every country's score is on its own page: see every country.

What it does not cover

The score uses each country's latest full year of figures, so it does not react to day-to-day events. It cannot see fuel stockpiles, the size of a country's cables to its neighbours, how much storage it has, how reliable its grid is, or long-term contracts for fuel. The weights are a judgement: on the dashboard you can slide each measure up or down and the score and rankings update as you go.

Where the figures come from

Electricity generation, demand and net imports: Ember's yearly electricity data (CC BY 4.0), up to 2025. Energy production and use: the Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy, via Our World in Data (CC BY 4.0).