Global GridEswatini's energy mix and electricity
🇸🇿 In 2024, Eswatini generated 0.61 TWh of electricity. The largest source was hydro at 57%, followed by bioenergy (34%) and solar (4.9%). In total, 97% came from low-carbon sources (nuclear and renewables) and 3.3% from fossil fuels.
On average, each kilowatt hour produced about 131 grams of carbon dioxide (CO₂), far below the world average of 458 grams in 2025.
Electricity demand was 1.65 TWh. Eswatini imported 1.04 TWh more electricity than it exported, equal to 63% of its demand.
Since 2000, electricity generation has fallen by 7.6%, from 0.66 TWh. The low-carbon share went from 99% to 96%. The biggest rise was in hydro, from 29% to 57% of generation. The biggest fall was in bioenergy, from 70% to 34%. Carbon intensity fell from 167 to 131 grams per kWh.
Live, hour-by-hour figures for Eswatini are not connected yet. The dashboard shows its yearly figures, energy mix since 2000 and interconnector trade.
Energy mix in 2024
- Hydro 57%
- Bioenergy 34%
- Solar 4.9%
- Coal 3.3%
| Source | Share | Generated |
|---|---|---|
| Hydro | 57% | 0.35 TWh |
| Bioenergy | 34% | 0.21 TWh |
| Solar | 4.9% | 0.03 TWh |
| Coal | 3.3% | 0.02 TWh |
Energy security score
Moderate. It is not ranked because its power system is very small. The score shows how well a country could keep electricity affordable and on if fuel supplies were disrupted. It is based on 4 of the 5 measures.
| Measure | Score |
|---|---|
| Produces its own energy No reliable figure exists for Eswatini, so this measure is left out and the other four count for more. | n/a |
| Variety of power sources How evenly generation is spread across nine sources. The largest, hydro, made 57%. | 62 |
| Little reliance on imported power Net imports were 63% of demand; each 1% takes off 2 points. | 0 |
| Low-carbon power Nuclear and renewables made 97% of generation. | 97 |
| Low gas and oil use Gas and oil made 0% of generation; the score is 100 minus that share. | 100 |
The five measures are weighted 30%, 20%, 20%, 15% and 15%. How the score works.
How it has changed
| Year | Generated | Low-carbon | Fossil | CO₂ g/kWh |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 0.66 TWh | 99% | 2% | 167 |
| 2005 | 0.62 TWh | 97% | 4% | 194 |
| 2010 | 0.74 TWh | 97% | 2% | 176 |
| 2015 | 0.38 TWh | 95% | 5% | 184 |
| 2020 | 0.49 TWh | 96% | 4% | 163 |
| 2023 | 0.66 TWh | 98% | 3% | 121 |
| 2024 | 0.61 TWh | 96% | 3% | 131 |
Questions about Eswatini's energy
What is Eswatini's energy mix?
In 2024, Eswatini's electricity came from hydro 57%, bioenergy 34%, solar 4.9% and coal 3.3%.
How much of Eswatini's electricity is renewable?
97% of its electricity came from renewables in 2024 (hydro 57%, bioenergy 34% and solar 4.9%).
What is Eswatini's main source of electricity?
Hydro, which made 57% of its electricity in 2024.
How clean is Eswatini's electricity?
About 131 grams of CO₂ for each kilowatt hour in 2024, far below the world average of 458 grams.
Does Eswatini import electricity?
Yes: in 2024 it imported 1.04 TWh more than it exported, 63% of its demand.
How secure is Eswatini's energy supply?
Global Grid's energy security score for Eswatini is 60 out of 100 (moderate). It looks at how much of its own energy it produces, how varied its power sources are, its reliance on imported power and its use of low-carbon power, gas and oil.
Other countries in Africa
Sources: Ember yearly electricity data (CC BY 4.0), figures up to 2024. Ember's latest-year figures are first estimates and may be revised. TWh: terawatt hours (one billion kWh).