Global GridMali's energy mix and electricity
🇲🇱 In 2024, Mali generated 5.96 TWh of electricity. The largest source was oil and other fossil fuels at 81%, followed by hydro (15%) and solar (2.9%). In total, 20% came from low-carbon sources (nuclear and renewables) and 81% from fossil fuels.
On average, each kilowatt hour produced about 539 grams of carbon dioxide (CO₂), above the world average of 458 grams in 2025. That makes Mali the 108th cleanest of 158 countries that generate at least 1 TWh a year.
Electricity demand was 5.46 TWh. Mali exported 0.50 TWh more electricity than it imported.
Since 2000, electricity generation has grown by 462%, from 1.06 TWh. The low-carbon share went from 27% to 19%. The biggest rise was in oil and other fossil fuels, from 74% to 81% of generation. The biggest fall was in hydro, from 22% to 15%. Carbon intensity rose from 500 to 539 grams per kWh.
Live, hour-by-hour figures for Mali are not connected yet. The dashboard shows its yearly figures, energy mix since 2000 and interconnector trade.
Energy mix in 2024
- Oil and other fossil fuels 81%
- Hydro 15%
- Solar 2.9%
- Bioenergy 1.2%
| Source | Share | Generated |
|---|---|---|
| Oil and other fossil fuels | 81% | 4.80 TWh |
| Hydro | 15% | 0.92 TWh |
| Solar | 2.9% | 0.17 TWh |
| Bioenergy | 1.2% | 0.07 TWh |
Energy security score
Vulnerable. Mali ranks 132nd of 158 countries and 28th of 35 in Africa. The score shows how well a country could keep electricity affordable and on if fuel supplies were disrupted. It is based on 4 of the 5 measures.
| Measure | Score |
|---|---|
| Produces its own energy No reliable figure exists for Mali, so this measure is left out and the other four count for more. | n/a |
| Variety of power sources How evenly generation is spread across nine sources. The largest, oil and other fossil fuels, made 81%. | 37 |
| Little reliance on imported power Mali exported more electricity than it imported, so it scores full marks. | 100 |
| Low-carbon power Nuclear and renewables made 20% of generation. | 20 |
| Low gas and oil use Gas and oil made 81% of generation; the score is 100 minus that share. | 20 |
The five measures are weighted 30%, 20%, 20%, 15% and 15%. How the score works.
How it has changed
| Year | Generated | Low-carbon | Fossil | CO₂ g/kWh |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 1.06 TWh | 27% | 74% | 500 |
| 2005 | 1.49 TWh | 33% | 66% | 450 |
| 2010 | 2.36 TWh | 49% | 51% | 352 |
| 2015 | 2.51 TWh | 48% | 52% | 359 |
| 2020 | 3.94 TWh | 42% | 59% | 401 |
| 2023 | 6.01 TWh | 20% | 80% | 536 |
| 2024 | 5.96 TWh | 19% | 81% | 539 |
Questions about Mali's energy
What is Mali's energy mix?
In 2024, Mali's electricity came from oil and other fossil fuels 81%, hydro 15%, solar 2.9% and bioenergy 1.2%.
How much of Mali's electricity is renewable?
20% of its electricity came from renewables in 2024 (hydro 15%, solar 2.9% and bioenergy 1.2%).
What is Mali's main source of electricity?
Oil and other fossil fuels, which made 81% of its electricity in 2024.
How clean is Mali's electricity?
About 539 grams of CO₂ for each kilowatt hour in 2024, above the world average of 458 grams. It ranks 108th cleanest of 158 countries that generate at least 1 TWh a year.
Does Mali import electricity?
It is a net exporter: in 2024 it exported 0.50 TWh more electricity than it imported.
How secure is Mali's energy supply?
Global Grid's energy security score for Mali is 47 out of 100 (vulnerable), 132nd of 158 countries. It looks at how much of its own energy it produces, how varied its power sources are, its reliance on imported power and its use of low-carbon power, gas and oil.
Other countries in Africa
Sources: Ember yearly electricity data (CC BY 4.0), figures up to 2024. Ember's latest-year figures are first estimates and may be revised. TWh: terawatt hours (one billion kWh).