Global GridCanada's energy mix and electricity
🇨🇦 In 2025, Canada generated 652 TWh of electricity. The largest source was hydro at 53%, followed by gas (18%) and nuclear (13%). In total, 77% came from low-carbon sources (nuclear and renewables) and 23% from fossil fuels.
On average, each kilowatt hour produced about 191 grams of carbon dioxide (CO₂), far below the world average of 458 grams in 2025. That makes Canada the 44th cleanest of 158 countries that generate at least 1 TWh a year.
Electricity demand was 646 TWh. Canada exported 6.80 TWh more electricity than it imported.
Since 2000, electricity generation has grown by 7.9%, from 604 TWh. The low-carbon share went from 73% to 78%. The biggest rise was in gas, from 6% to 18% of generation. The biggest fall was in coal, from 19% to 4%. Carbon intensity fell from 246 to 191 grams per kWh.
Live, hour-by-hour figures for Canada are not connected yet. The dashboard shows its yearly figures, energy mix since 2000 and interconnector trade.
Energy mix in 2025
- Hydro 53%
- Gas 18%
- Nuclear 13%
- Wind 7.9%
- Coal 4%
- Solar 1.6%
- Bioenergy 1.6%
- Oil and other fossil fuels 1.2%
| Source | Share | Generated |
|---|---|---|
| Hydro | 53% | 344 TWh |
| Gas | 18% | 117 TWh |
| Nuclear | 13% | 85.4 TWh |
| Wind | 7.9% | 51.5 TWh |
| Coal | 4% | 26.1 TWh |
| Solar | 1.6% | 10.4 TWh |
| Bioenergy | 1.6% | 10.4 TWh |
| Oil and other fossil fuels | 1.2% | 7.82 TWh |
Total energy mix in 2024
Electricity is only part of the energy Canada uses: fuel for transport, heating and industry counts too. In 2024, Canada used 3,890 TWh of energy in all (primary energy). The largest source was gas at 34%, followed by oil (32%) and hydro (22%). Fossil fuels made up 67% and low-carbon sources (nuclear and renewables) 33%.
- Gas 34%
- Oil 32%
- Hydro 22%
- Nuclear 5.5%
- Wind 3%
- Coal 2.1%
- Biofuels 0.9%
- Other renewables 0.8%
- Solar 0.6%
| Source | Share of all energy |
|---|---|
| Gas | 34% |
| Oil | 32% |
| Hydro | 22% |
| Nuclear | 5.5% |
| Wind | 3% |
| Coal | 2.1% |
| Biofuels | 0.9% |
| Other renewables | 0.8% |
| Solar | 0.6% |
Primary energy, with nuclear and renewable electricity counted as the fuel a power station would need to make it (the "substitution method"). Here "other renewables" is the Energy Institute's "geothermal, biomass and other" power generation, and biofuels are liquid fuels such as ethanol and biodiesel. Source: Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy via Our World in Data (CC BY 4.0).
Energy security score
Strong. Canada ranks 3rd of 158 countries and 3rd of 29 in Americas. The score shows how well a country could keep electricity affordable and on if fuel supplies were disrupted.
| Measure | Score |
|---|---|
| Produces its own energy In 2024, Canada produced energy equal to 177% of all the energy it used (100% or more scores full marks). | 100 |
| Variety of power sources How evenly generation is spread across nine sources. The largest, hydro, made 53%. | 75 |
| Little reliance on imported power Canada exported more electricity than it imported, so it scores full marks. | 100 |
| Low-carbon power Nuclear and renewables made 77% of generation. | 77 |
| Low gas and oil use Gas and oil made 19% of generation; the score is 100 minus that share. | 81 |
The five measures are weighted 30%, 20%, 20%, 15% and 15%. How the score works.
Oil and gas pipelines
Global Energy Monitor lists 95,089 km of oil and gas pipelines operating in Canada, 810 km being built and 291 km proposed (lengths measured along the mapped routes; a pipeline crossing borders counts in full for each country). For liquefied natural gas (LNG), shipped by sea, it lists 1 import terminal operating (0 more being built or proposed) and 3 export terminals operating (7 more being built or proposed).
See them on the interactive map · Pipelines around the world
How it has changed
| Year | Generated | Low-carbon | Fossil | CO₂ g/kWh |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 604 TWh | 73% | 27% | 246 |
| 2005 | 621 TWh | 75% | 26% | 225 |
| 2010 | 607 TWh | 76% | 24% | 215 |
| 2015 | 661 TWh | 79% | 21% | 184 |
| 2020 | 656 TWh | 83% | 19% | 162 |
| 2024 | 637 TWh | 78% | 22% | 185 |
| 2025 | 652 TWh | 78% | 23% | 191 |
Questions about Canada's energy
What is Canada's energy mix?
In 2025, Canada's electricity came from hydro 53%, gas 18%, nuclear 13% and wind 7.9%. Counting all the energy it uses, including fuel for transport and heating, the mix in 2024 was gas 34%, oil 32%, hydro 22% and nuclear 5.5%.
How much of Canada's electricity is renewable?
64% of its electricity came from renewables in 2025 (hydro 53%, wind 7.9%, solar 1.6% and bioenergy 1.6%). Including nuclear power, 77% of its electricity was low-carbon.
What is Canada's main source of electricity?
Hydro, which made 53% of its electricity in 2025.
How clean is Canada's electricity?
About 191 grams of CO₂ for each kilowatt hour in 2025, far below the world average of 458 grams. It ranks 44th cleanest of 158 countries that generate at least 1 TWh a year.
Does Canada import electricity?
It is a net exporter: in 2025 it exported 6.80 TWh more electricity than it imported.
How secure is Canada's energy supply?
Global Grid's energy security score for Canada is 89 out of 100 (strong), 3rd of 158 countries. It looks at how much of its own energy it produces, how varied its power sources are, its reliance on imported power and its use of low-carbon power, gas and oil.
Other countries in North America
Sources: Ember yearly electricity data (CC BY 4.0), figures up to 2025; energy production and use by source from the Energy Institute Statistical Review via Our World in Data (CC BY 4.0), 2024; pipelines and LNG terminals from Global Energy Monitor's Global Oil Infrastructure Tracker (June 2026 release) and Global Gas Infrastructure Tracker (November 2025 release) (CC BY 4.0). Ember's latest-year figures are first estimates and may be revised. TWh: terawatt hours (one billion kWh).