Global GridThe United States' energy mix and electricity
🇺🇸 In 2025, the United States generated 4,520 TWh of electricity. The largest source was gas at 40%, followed by nuclear (17%) and coal (16%). In total, 43% came from low-carbon sources (nuclear and renewables) and 57% from fossil fuels.
On average, each kilowatt hour produced about 384 grams of carbon dioxide (CO₂), below the world average of 458 grams in 2025. That makes the United States the 74th cleanest of 158 countries that generate at least 1 TWh a year.
Electricity demand was 4,540 TWh. The United States imported 16.0 TWh more electricity than it exported, equal to 0.4% of its demand.
Since 2000, electricity generation has grown by 19%, from 3,800 TWh. The low-carbon share went from 29% to 42%. The biggest rise was in gas, from 16% to 40% of generation. The biggest fall was in coal, from 52% to 16%. Carbon intensity fell from 608 to 384 grams per kWh.
Live figures for the United States, updated every hour, are on the live dashboard.
Energy mix in 2025
- Gas 40%
- Nuclear 17%
- Coal 16%
- Wind 10%
- Solar 8.6%
- Hydro 5.3%
- Bioenergy 1%
- Oil and other fossil fuels 0.7%
- Geothermal 0.4%
| Source | Share | Generated |
|---|---|---|
| Gas | 40% | 1,808 TWh |
| Nuclear | 17% | 786 TWh |
| Coal | 16% | 737 TWh |
| Wind | 10% | 466 TWh |
| Solar | 8.6% | 389 TWh |
| Hydro | 5.3% | 240 TWh |
| Bioenergy | 1% | 45.2 TWh |
| Oil and other fossil fuels | 0.7% | 31.6 TWh |
| Geothermal | 0.4% | 18.1 TWh |
Total energy mix in 2024
Electricity is only part of the energy the United States uses: fuel for transport, heating and industry counts too. In 2024, the United States used 26,500 TWh of energy in all (primary energy). The largest source was oil at 38%, followed by gas (34%) and coal (8.3%). Fossil fuels made up 80% and low-carbon sources (nuclear and renewables) 20%.
- Oil 38%
- Gas 34%
- Coal 8.3%
- Nuclear 7.6%
- Wind 4.2%
- Solar 2.8%
- Hydro 2.2%
- Biofuels 2%
- Other renewables 0.8%
| Source | Share of all energy |
|---|---|
| Oil | 38% |
| Gas | 34% |
| Coal | 8.3% |
| Nuclear | 7.6% |
| Wind | 4.2% |
| Solar | 2.8% |
| Hydro | 2.2% |
| Biofuels | 2% |
| Other renewables | 0.8% |
Primary energy, with nuclear and renewable electricity counted as the fuel a power station would need to make it (the "substitution method"). Here "other renewables" is the Energy Institute's "geothermal, biomass and other" power generation, and biofuels are liquid fuels such as ethanol and biodiesel. Source: Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy via Our World in Data (CC BY 4.0).
Energy security score
Strong. The United States ranks 14th of 158 countries and 8th of 29 in Americas. The score shows how well a country could keep electricity affordable and on if fuel supplies were disrupted.
| Measure | Score |
|---|---|
| Produces its own energy In 2024, the United States produced energy equal to 107% of all the energy it used (100% or more scores full marks). | 100 |
| Variety of power sources How evenly generation is spread across nine sources. The largest, gas, made 40%. | 86 |
| Little reliance on imported power Net imports were 0.4% of demand; each 1% takes off 2 points. | 99 |
| Low-carbon power Nuclear and renewables made 43% of generation. | 43 |
| Low gas and oil use Gas and oil made 41% of generation; the score is 100 minus that share. | 59 |
The five measures are weighted 30%, 20%, 20%, 15% and 15%. How the score works.
Oil and gas pipelines
Global Energy Monitor lists 457,183 km of oil and gas pipelines operating in the United States, 4,151 km being built and 13,682 km proposed (lengths measured along the mapped routes; a pipeline crossing borders counts in full for each country). For liquefied natural gas (LNG), shipped by sea, it lists 8 import terminals operating (2 more being built or proposed) and 30 export terminals operating (54 more being built or proposed).
See them on the interactive map · Pipelines around the world
How it has changed
| Year | Generated | Low-carbon | Fossil | CO₂ g/kWh |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 3,800 TWh | 29% | 71% | 608 |
| 2005 | 4,030 TWh | 27% | 72% | 604 |
| 2010 | 4,110 TWh | 29% | 70% | 571 |
| 2015 | 4,080 TWh | 35% | 67% | 505 |
| 2020 | 4,040 TWh | 39% | 60% | 412 |
| 2024 | 4,390 TWh | 41% | 59% | 384 |
| 2025 | 4,520 TWh | 42% | 57% | 384 |
Questions about the United States' energy
What is the United States' energy mix?
In 2025, the United States' electricity came from gas 40%, nuclear 17%, coal 16% and wind 10%. Counting all the energy it uses, including fuel for transport and heating, the mix in 2024 was oil 38%, gas 34%, coal 8.3% and nuclear 7.6%.
How much of the United States' electricity is renewable?
26% of its electricity came from renewables in 2025 (wind 10%, solar 8.6%, hydro 5.3% and bioenergy 1%). Including nuclear power, 43% of its electricity was low-carbon.
What is the United States' main source of electricity?
Gas, which made 40% of its electricity in 2025.
How clean is the United States' electricity?
About 384 grams of CO₂ for each kilowatt hour in 2025, below the world average of 458 grams. It ranks 74th cleanest of 158 countries that generate at least 1 TWh a year.
Does the United States import electricity?
Yes: in 2025 it imported 16.0 TWh more than it exported, 0.4% of its demand.
How secure is the United States' energy supply?
Global Grid's energy security score for the United States is 82 out of 100 (strong), 14th of 158 countries. It looks at how much of its own energy it produces, how varied its power sources are, its reliance on imported power and its use of low-carbon power, gas and oil.
Other countries in North America
Sources: Ember yearly electricity data (CC BY 4.0), figures up to 2025; energy production and use by source from the Energy Institute Statistical Review via Our World in Data (CC BY 4.0), 2024; pipelines and LNG terminals from Global Energy Monitor's Global Oil Infrastructure Tracker (June 2026 release) and Global Gas Infrastructure Tracker (November 2025 release) (CC BY 4.0). Ember's latest-year figures are first estimates and may be revised. TWh: terawatt hours (one billion kWh).