Global GridRwanda's energy mix and electricity
🇷🇼 In 2024, Rwanda generated 1.13 TWh of electricity. The largest source was hydro at 46%, followed by gas (27%) and coal (15%). In total, 50% came from low-carbon sources (nuclear and renewables) and 50% from fossil fuels.
On average, each kilowatt hour produced about 354 grams of carbon dioxide (CO₂), below the world average of 458 grams in 2025. That makes Rwanda the 73rd cleanest of 158 countries that generate at least 1 TWh a year.
Electricity demand was 1.22 TWh. Rwanda imported 0.09 TWh more electricity than it exported, equal to 7.4% of its demand.
Since 2000, electricity generation has grown by 606%, from 0.16 TWh. The low-carbon share went from 63% to 50%. The biggest rise was in gas, from 0% to 27% of generation. The biggest fall was in oil and other fossil fuels, from 38% to 9%. Carbon intensity rose from 250 to 354 grams per kWh.
Live, hour-by-hour figures for Rwanda are not connected yet. The dashboard shows its yearly figures, energy mix since 2000 and interconnector trade.
Energy mix in 2024
- Hydro 46%
- Gas 27%
- Coal 15%
- Oil and other fossil fuels 8.8%
- Solar 3.5%
| Source | Share | Generated |
|---|---|---|
| Hydro | 46% | 0.52 TWh |
| Gas | 27% | 0.30 TWh |
| Coal | 15% | 0.17 TWh |
| Oil and other fossil fuels | 8.8% | 0.10 TWh |
| Solar | 3.5% | 0.04 TWh |
Energy security score
Strong. Rwanda ranks 57th of 158 countries and 13th of 35 in Africa. The score shows how well a country could keep electricity affordable and on if fuel supplies were disrupted. It is based on 4 of the 5 measures.
| Measure | Score |
|---|---|
| Produces its own energy No reliable figure exists for Rwanda, so this measure is left out and the other four count for more. | n/a |
| Variety of power sources How evenly generation is spread across nine sources. The largest, hydro, made 46%. | 77 |
| Little reliance on imported power Net imports were 7.4% of demand; each 1% takes off 2 points. | 85 |
| Low-carbon power Nuclear and renewables made 50% of generation. | 50 |
| Low gas and oil use Gas and oil made 35% of generation; the score is 100 minus that share. | 65 |
The five measures are weighted 30%, 20%, 20%, 15% and 15%. How the score works.
How it has changed
| Year | Generated | Low-carbon | Fossil | CO₂ g/kWh |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 0.16 TWh | 63% | 38% | 250 |
| 2005 | 0.19 TWh | 53% | 47% | 316 |
| 2010 | 0.28 TWh | 39% | 61% | 429 |
| 2015 | 0.51 TWh | 57% | 43% | 294 |
| 2020 | 0.89 TWh | 63% | 37% | 247 |
| 2023 | 1.10 TWh | 50% | 51% | 355 |
| 2024 | 1.13 TWh | 50% | 51% | 354 |
Questions about Rwanda's energy
What is Rwanda's energy mix?
In 2024, Rwanda's electricity came from hydro 46%, gas 27%, coal 15% and oil and other fossil fuels 8.8%.
How much of Rwanda's electricity is renewable?
50% of its electricity came from renewables in 2024 (hydro 46% and solar 3.5%).
What is Rwanda's main source of electricity?
Hydro, which made 46% of its electricity in 2024.
How clean is Rwanda's electricity?
About 354 grams of CO₂ for each kilowatt hour in 2024, below the world average of 458 grams. It ranks 73rd cleanest of 158 countries that generate at least 1 TWh a year.
Does Rwanda import electricity?
Yes: in 2024 it imported 0.09 TWh more than it exported, 7.4% of its demand.
How secure is Rwanda's energy supply?
Global Grid's energy security score for Rwanda is 71 out of 100 (strong), 57th of 158 countries. It looks at how much of its own energy it produces, how varied its power sources are, its reliance on imported power and its use of low-carbon power, gas and oil.
Other countries in Africa
Sources: Ember yearly electricity data (CC BY 4.0), figures up to 2024. Ember's latest-year figures are first estimates and may be revised. TWh: terawatt hours (one billion kWh).