Global GridBrazil's energy mix and electricity
🇧🇷 In 2025, Brazil generated 751 TWh of electricity. The largest source was hydro at 52%, followed by wind (16%) and solar (12%). In total, 89% came from low-carbon sources (nuclear and renewables) and 11% from fossil fuels.
On average, each kilowatt hour produced about 110 grams of carbon dioxide (CO₂), far below the world average of 458 grams in 2025. That makes Brazil the 24th cleanest of 158 countries that generate at least 1 TWh a year.
Electricity demand was 762 TWh. Brazil imported 11.6 TWh more electricity than it exported, equal to 1.5% of its demand.
Since 2000, electricity generation has grown by 115%, from 349 TWh. The low-carbon share went from 91% to 89%. The biggest rise was in wind, from 0% to 16% of generation. The biggest fall was in hydro, from 87% to 52%. Carbon intensity rose from 89 to 110 grams per kWh.
Live, hour-by-hour figures for Brazil are not connected yet. The dashboard shows its yearly figures, energy mix since 2000 and interconnector trade.
Energy mix in 2025
- Hydro 52%
- Wind 16%
- Solar 12%
- Gas 7.3%
- Bioenergy 7.3%
- Coal 2.3%
- Nuclear 2.1%
- Oil and other fossil fuels 1.7%
| Source | Share | Generated |
|---|---|---|
| Hydro | 52% | 389 TWh |
| Wind | 16% | 118 TWh |
| Solar | 12% | 88.6 TWh |
| Gas | 7.3% | 54.8 TWh |
| Bioenergy | 7.3% | 54.8 TWh |
| Coal | 2.3% | 17.3 TWh |
| Nuclear | 2.1% | 15.8 TWh |
| Oil and other fossil fuels | 1.7% | 12.8 TWh |
Total energy mix in 2024
Electricity is only part of the energy Brazil uses: fuel for transport, heating and industry counts too. In 2024, Brazil used 3,920 TWh of energy in all (primary energy). The largest source was oil at 37%, followed by hydro (26%) and gas (8.2%). Fossil fuels made up 49% and low-carbon sources (nuclear and renewables) 51%.
- Oil 37%
- Hydro 26%
- Gas 8.2%
- Biofuels 7.1%
- Wind 6.9%
- Other renewables 4.8%
- Solar 4.5%
- Coal 3.9%
- Nuclear 1%
| Source | Share of all energy |
|---|---|
| Oil | 37% |
| Hydro | 26% |
| Gas | 8.2% |
| Biofuels | 7.1% |
| Wind | 6.9% |
| Other renewables | 4.8% |
| Solar | 4.5% |
| Coal | 3.9% |
| Nuclear | 1% |
Primary energy, with nuclear and renewable electricity counted as the fuel a power station would need to make it (the "substitution method"). Here "other renewables" is the Energy Institute's "geothermal, biomass and other" power generation, and biofuels are liquid fuels such as ethanol and biodiesel. Source: Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy via Our World in Data (CC BY 4.0).
Energy security score
Strong. Brazil ranks 1st of 158 countries and 1st of 29 in Americas. The score shows how well a country could keep electricity affordable and on if fuel supplies were disrupted.
| Measure | Score |
|---|---|
| Produces its own energy In 2024, Brazil produced energy equal to 110% of all the energy it used (100% or more scores full marks). | 100 |
| Variety of power sources How evenly generation is spread across nine sources. The largest, hydro, made 52%. | 77 |
| Little reliance on imported power Net imports were 1.5% of demand; each 1% takes off 2 points. | 97 |
| Low-carbon power Nuclear and renewables made 89% of generation. | 89 |
| Low gas and oil use Gas and oil made 9% of generation; the score is 100 minus that share. | 91 |
The five measures are weighted 30%, 20%, 20%, 15% and 15%. How the score works.
Oil and gas pipelines
Global Energy Monitor lists 15,824 km of oil and gas pipelines operating in Brazil, 0 km being built and 17,289 km proposed (lengths measured along the mapped routes; a pipeline crossing borders counts in full for each country). For liquefied natural gas (LNG), shipped by sea, it lists 7 import terminals operating (5 more being built or proposed).
See them on the interactive map · Pipelines around the world
How it has changed
| Year | Generated | Low-carbon | Fossil | CO₂ g/kWh |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 349 TWh | 91% | 9% | 89 |
| 2005 | 403 TWh | 89% | 11% | 99 |
| 2010 | 516 TWh | 87% | 12% | 114 |
| 2015 | 581 TWh | 78% | 24% | 189 |
| 2020 | 629 TWh | 85% | 15% | 133 |
| 2024 | 746 TWh | 90% | 11% | 106 |
| 2025 | 751 TWh | 89% | 11% | 110 |
Questions about Brazil's energy
What is Brazil's energy mix?
In 2025, Brazil's electricity came from hydro 52%, wind 16%, solar 12% and gas 7.3%. Counting all the energy it uses, including fuel for transport and heating, the mix in 2024 was oil 37%, hydro 26%, gas 8.2% and biofuels 7.1%.
How much of Brazil's electricity is renewable?
87% of its electricity came from renewables in 2025 (hydro 52%, wind 16%, solar 12% and bioenergy 7.3%). Including nuclear power, 89% of its electricity was low-carbon.
What is Brazil's main source of electricity?
Hydro, which made 52% of its electricity in 2025.
How clean is Brazil's electricity?
About 110 grams of CO₂ for each kilowatt hour in 2025, far below the world average of 458 grams. It ranks 24th cleanest of 158 countries that generate at least 1 TWh a year.
Does Brazil import electricity?
Yes: in 2025 it imported 11.6 TWh more than it exported, 1.5% of its demand.
How secure is Brazil's energy supply?
Global Grid's energy security score for Brazil is 92 out of 100 (strong), 1st of 158 countries. It looks at how much of its own energy it produces, how varied its power sources are, its reliance on imported power and its use of low-carbon power, gas and oil.
Other countries in Latin America and Caribbean
Sources: Ember yearly electricity data (CC BY 4.0), figures up to 2025; energy production and use by source from the Energy Institute Statistical Review via Our World in Data (CC BY 4.0), 2024; pipelines and LNG terminals from Global Energy Monitor's Global Oil Infrastructure Tracker (June 2026 release) and Global Gas Infrastructure Tracker (November 2025 release) (CC BY 4.0). Ember's latest-year figures are first estimates and may be revised. TWh: terawatt hours (one billion kWh).