Global GridIran's energy mix and electricity
🇮🇷 In 2025, Iran generated 396 TWh of electricity. The largest source was gas at 90%, followed by oil and other fossil fuels (4.6%) and hydro (3.3%). In total, 5.7% came from low-carbon sources (nuclear and renewables) and 94% from fossil fuels.
On average, each kilowatt hour produced about 660 grams of carbon dioxide (CO₂), above the world average of 458 grams in 2025. That makes Iran the 138th cleanest of 158 countries that generate at least 1 TWh a year.
Electricity demand was 396 TWh. Iran exported 0.18 TWh more electricity than it imported.
Since 2000, electricity generation has grown by 233%, from 119 TWh. The low-carbon share went from 3% to 5%. The biggest rise was in gas, from 68% to 90% of generation. The biggest fall was in oil and other fossil fuels, from 28% to 5%.
Live, hour-by-hour figures for Iran are not connected yet. The dashboard shows its yearly figures, energy mix since 2000 and interconnector trade.
Energy mix in 2025
- Gas 90%
- Oil and other fossil fuels 4.6%
- Hydro 3.3%
- Nuclear 1.9%
- Wind 0.3%
- Coal 0.2%
- Solar 0.2%
| Source | Share | Generated |
|---|---|---|
| Gas | 90% | 354 TWh |
| Oil and other fossil fuels | 4.6% | 18.2 TWh |
| Hydro | 3.3% | 13.1 TWh |
| Nuclear | 1.9% | 7.52 TWh |
| Wind | 0.3% | 1.19 TWh |
| Coal | 0.2% | 0.79 TWh |
| Solar | 0.2% | 0.79 TWh |
Total energy mix in 2024
Electricity is only part of the energy Iran uses: fuel for transport, heating and industry counts too. In 2024, Iran used 3,590 TWh of energy in all (primary energy). The largest source was gas at 68%, followed by oil (29%) and hydro (1.3%). Fossil fuels made up 98% and low-carbon sources (nuclear and renewables) 2%.
- Gas 68%
- Oil 29%
- Hydro 1.3%
- Coal 0.5%
- Nuclear 0.5%
- Wind 0.1%
- Solar 0.1%
| Source | Share of all energy |
|---|---|
| Gas | 68% |
| Oil | 29% |
| Hydro | 1.3% |
| Coal | 0.5% |
| Nuclear | 0.5% |
| Wind | 0.1% |
| Solar | 0.1% |
Primary energy, with nuclear and renewable electricity counted as the fuel a power station would need to make it (the "substitution method"). Here "other renewables" is the Energy Institute's "geothermal, biomass and other" power generation, and biofuels are liquid fuels such as ethanol and biodiesel. Source: Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy via Our World in Data (CC BY 4.0).
Energy security score
Moderate. Iran ranks 108th of 158 countries and 31st of 46 in Asia. The score shows how well a country could keep electricity affordable and on if fuel supplies were disrupted.
| Measure | Score |
|---|---|
| Produces its own energy In 2024, Iran produced energy equal to 151% of all the energy it used (100% or more scores full marks). | 100 |
| Variety of power sources How evenly generation is spread across nine sources. The largest, gas, made 90%. | 22 |
| Little reliance on imported power Iran exported more electricity than it imported, so it scores full marks. | 100 |
| Low-carbon power Nuclear and renewables made 5.7% of generation. | 6 |
| Low gas and oil use Gas and oil made 94% of generation; the score is 100 minus that share. | 6 |
The five measures are weighted 30%, 20%, 20%, 15% and 15%. How the score works.
Oil and gas pipelines
Global Energy Monitor lists 23,835 km of oil and gas pipelines operating in Iran, 7,655 km being built and 1,455 km proposed (lengths measured along the mapped routes; a pipeline crossing borders counts in full for each country). For liquefied natural gas (LNG), shipped by sea, it lists 0 export terminals operating (3 more being built or proposed).
See them on the interactive map · Pipelines around the world
How it has changed
| Year | Generated | Low-carbon | Fossil | CO₂ g/kWh |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 119 TWh | 3% | 96% | 667 |
| 2005 | 177 TWh | 8% | 91% | 636 |
| 2010 | 236 TWh | 4% | 96% | 661 |
| 2015 | 280 TWh | 6% | 94% | 651 |
| 2020 | 337 TWh | 9% | 91% | 633 |
| 2024 | 396 TWh | 7% | 93% | 649 |
| 2025 | 396 TWh | 5% | 95% | 660 |
Questions about Iran's energy
What is Iran's energy mix?
In 2025, Iran's electricity came from gas 90%, oil and other fossil fuels 4.6%, hydro 3.3% and nuclear 1.9%. Counting all the energy it uses, including fuel for transport and heating, the mix in 2024 was gas 68%, oil 29%, hydro 1.3% and coal 0.5%.
How much of Iran's electricity is renewable?
3.8% of its electricity came from renewables in 2025 (hydro 3.3%). Including nuclear power, 5.7% of its electricity was low-carbon.
What is Iran's main source of electricity?
Gas, which made 90% of its electricity in 2025.
How clean is Iran's electricity?
About 660 grams of CO₂ for each kilowatt hour in 2025, above the world average of 458 grams. It ranks 138th cleanest of 158 countries that generate at least 1 TWh a year.
Does Iran import electricity?
It is a net exporter: in 2025 it exported 0.18 TWh more electricity than it imported.
How secure is Iran's energy supply?
Global Grid's energy security score for Iran is 56 out of 100 (moderate), 108th of 158 countries. It looks at how much of its own energy it produces, how varied its power sources are, its reliance on imported power and its use of low-carbon power, gas and oil.
Other countries in Middle East
Sources: Ember yearly electricity data (CC BY 4.0), figures up to 2025; energy production and use by source from the Energy Institute Statistical Review via Our World in Data (CC BY 4.0), 2024; pipelines and LNG terminals from Global Energy Monitor's Global Oil Infrastructure Tracker (June 2026 release) and Global Gas Infrastructure Tracker (November 2025 release) (CC BY 4.0). Ember's latest-year figures are first estimates and may be revised. TWh: terawatt hours (one billion kWh).