Global GridSaudi Arabia's energy mix and electricity
🇸🇦 In 2024, Saudi Arabia generated 455 TWh of electricity. The largest source was gas at 63%, followed by oil and other fossil fuels (35%) and solar (1.8%). In total, 2.1% came from low-carbon sources (nuclear and renewables) and 98% from fossil fuels.
On average, each kilowatt hour produced about 692 grams of carbon dioxide (CO₂), far above the world average of 458 grams in 2025. That makes Saudi Arabia the 144th cleanest of 158 countries that generate at least 1 TWh a year.
Electricity demand was 455 TWh. Its electricity imports and exports were roughly in balance.
Since 2000, electricity generation has grown by 227%, from 139 TWh. The low-carbon share went from 0% to 2%. The biggest rise was in gas, from 46% to 63% of generation. The biggest fall was in oil and other fossil fuels, from 54% to 35%.
Live, hour-by-hour figures for Saudi Arabia are not connected yet. The dashboard shows its yearly figures, energy mix since 2000 and interconnector trade.
Energy mix in 2024
- Gas 63%
- Oil and other fossil fuels 35%
- Solar 1.8%
- Wind 0.3%
| Source | Share | Generated |
|---|---|---|
| Gas | 63% | 288 TWh |
| Oil and other fossil fuels | 35% | 157 TWh |
| Solar | 1.8% | 8.19 TWh |
| Wind | 0.3% | 1.37 TWh |
Total energy mix in 2024
Electricity is only part of the energy Saudi Arabia uses: fuel for transport, heating and industry counts too. In 2024, Saudi Arabia used 3,290 TWh of energy in all (primary energy). The largest source was oil at 62%, followed by gas (37%) and solar (0.6%). Fossil fuels made up 99% and low-carbon sources (nuclear and renewables) 0.7%.
- Oil 62%
- Gas 37%
- Solar 0.6%
- Coal 0.1%
- Wind 0.1%
| Source | Share of all energy |
|---|---|
| Oil | 62% |
| Gas | 37% |
| Solar | 0.6% |
| Coal | 0.1% |
| Wind | 0.1% |
Primary energy, with nuclear and renewable electricity counted as the fuel a power station would need to make it (the "substitution method"). Here "other renewables" is the Energy Institute's "geothermal, biomass and other" power generation, and biofuels are liquid fuels such as ethanol and biodiesel. Source: Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy via Our World in Data (CC BY 4.0).
Energy security score
Moderate. Saudi Arabia ranks 92nd of 158 countries and 23rd of 46 in Asia. The score shows how well a country could keep electricity affordable and on if fuel supplies were disrupted.
| Measure | Score |
|---|---|
| Produces its own energy In 2024, Saudi Arabia produced energy equal to 218% of all the energy it used (100% or more scores full marks). | 100 |
| Variety of power sources How evenly generation is spread across nine sources. The largest, gas, made 63%. | 54 |
| Little reliance on imported power Saudi Arabia exported more electricity than it imported, so it scores full marks. | 100 |
| Low-carbon power Nuclear and renewables made 2.1% of generation. | 2 |
| Low gas and oil use Gas and oil made 98% of generation; the score is 100 minus that share. | 2 |
The five measures are weighted 30%, 20%, 20%, 15% and 15%. How the score works.
Oil and gas pipelines
Global Energy Monitor lists 9,903 km of oil and gas pipelines operating in Saudi Arabia, 2,481 km being built and 50 km proposed (lengths measured along the mapped routes; a pipeline crossing borders counts in full for each country).
See them on the interactive map · Pipelines around the world
How it has changed
| Year | Generated | Low-carbon | Fossil | CO₂ g/kWh |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 139 TWh | 0% | 100% | 692 |
| 2005 | 191 TWh | 0% | 101% | 700 |
| 2010 | 249 TWh | 0% | 100% | 691 |
| 2015 | 351 TWh | 0% | 100% | 693 |
| 2020 | 381 TWh | 0% | 100% | 702 |
| 2023 | 429 TWh | 1% | 99% | 697 |
| 2024 | 455 TWh | 2% | 98% | 692 |
Questions about Saudi Arabia's energy
What is Saudi Arabia's energy mix?
In 2024, Saudi Arabia's electricity came from gas 63%, oil and other fossil fuels 35% and solar 1.8%. Counting all the energy it uses, including fuel for transport and heating, the mix in 2024 was oil 62%, gas 37% and solar 0.6%.
How much of Saudi Arabia's electricity is renewable?
2.1% of its electricity came from renewables in 2024 (solar 1.8%).
What is Saudi Arabia's main source of electricity?
Gas, which made 63% of its electricity in 2024.
How clean is Saudi Arabia's electricity?
About 692 grams of CO₂ for each kilowatt hour in 2024, far above the world average of 458 grams. It ranks 144th cleanest of 158 countries that generate at least 1 TWh a year.
Does Saudi Arabia import electricity?
Its imports and exports were roughly in balance in 2024.
How secure is Saudi Arabia's energy supply?
Global Grid's energy security score for Saudi Arabia is 61 out of 100 (moderate), 92nd of 158 countries. It looks at how much of its own energy it produces, how varied its power sources are, its reliance on imported power and its use of low-carbon power, gas and oil.
Other countries in Middle East
Sources: Ember yearly electricity data (CC BY 4.0), figures up to 2024; energy production and use by source from the Energy Institute Statistical Review via Our World in Data (CC BY 4.0), 2024; pipelines and LNG terminals from Global Energy Monitor's Global Oil Infrastructure Tracker (June 2026 release) and Global Gas Infrastructure Tracker (November 2025 release) (CC BY 4.0). Ember's latest-year figures are first estimates and may be revised. TWh: terawatt hours (one billion kWh).