Global GridCuba's energy mix and electricity
🇨🇺 In 2024, Cuba generated 19.4 TWh of electricity. The largest source was oil and other fossil fuels at 82%, followed by gas (14%) and bioenergy (1.8%). In total, 4% came from low-carbon sources (nuclear and renewables) and 96% from fossil fuels.
On average, each kilowatt hour produced about 643 grams of carbon dioxide (CO₂), above the world average of 458 grams in 2025. That makes Cuba the 132nd cleanest of 158 countries that generate at least 1 TWh a year.
Electricity demand was 19.4 TWh. Its electricity imports and exports were roughly in balance.
Since 2000, electricity generation has grown by 29%, from 15.0 TWh. The low-carbon share went from 7% to 4%. The biggest rise was in gas, from 9% to 14% of generation. The biggest fall was in bioenergy, from 6% to 2%. Carbon intensity rose from 631 to 643 grams per kWh.
Live, hour-by-hour figures for Cuba are not connected yet. The dashboard shows its yearly figures, energy mix since 2000 and interconnector trade.
Energy mix in 2024
- Oil and other fossil fuels 82%
- Gas 14%
- Bioenergy 1.8%
- Solar 1.2%
- Hydro 0.6%
- Wind 0.4%
| Source | Share | Generated |
|---|---|---|
| Oil and other fossil fuels | 82% | 16.0 TWh |
| Gas | 14% | 2.64 TWh |
| Bioenergy | 1.8% | 0.35 TWh |
| Solar | 1.2% | 0.23 TWh |
| Hydro | 0.6% | 0.12 TWh |
| Wind | 0.4% | 0.08 TWh |
Energy security score
Vulnerable. Cuba ranks 144th of 158 countries and 26th of 29 in Americas. The score shows how well a country could keep electricity affordable and on if fuel supplies were disrupted. It is based on 4 of the 5 measures.
| Measure | Score |
|---|---|
| Produces its own energy No reliable figure exists for Cuba, so this measure is left out and the other four count for more. | n/a |
| Variety of power sources How evenly generation is spread across nine sources. The largest, oil and other fossil fuels, made 82%. | 34 |
| Little reliance on imported power Cuba exported more electricity than it imported, so it scores full marks. | 100 |
| Low-carbon power Nuclear and renewables made 4% of generation. | 4 |
| Low gas and oil use Gas and oil made 96% of generation; the score is 100 minus that share. | 4 |
The five measures are weighted 30%, 20%, 20%, 15% and 15%. How the score works.
Oil and gas pipelines
Global Energy Monitor lists 276 km of oil and gas pipelines operating in Cuba, 0 km being built and 0 km proposed (lengths measured along the mapped routes; a pipeline crossing borders counts in full for each country).
See them on the interactive map · Pipelines around the world
How it has changed
| Year | Generated | Low-carbon | Fossil | CO₂ g/kWh |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 15.0 TWh | 7% | 93% | 631 |
| 2005 | 15.3 TWh | 4% | 97% | 649 |
| 2010 | 17.4 TWh | 4% | 97% | 649 |
| 2015 | 20.4 TWh | 4% | 96% | 644 |
| 2020 | 19.0 TWh | 5% | 96% | 639 |
| 2023 | 19.7 TWh | 4% | 97% | 644 |
| 2024 | 19.4 TWh | 4% | 96% | 643 |
Questions about Cuba's energy
What is Cuba's energy mix?
In 2024, Cuba's electricity came from oil and other fossil fuels 82%, gas 14%, bioenergy 1.8% and solar 1.2%.
How much of Cuba's electricity is renewable?
4% of its electricity came from renewables in 2024 (bioenergy 1.8%, solar 1.2% and hydro 0.6%).
What is Cuba's main source of electricity?
Oil and other fossil fuels, which made 82% of its electricity in 2024.
How clean is Cuba's electricity?
About 643 grams of CO₂ for each kilowatt hour in 2024, above the world average of 458 grams. It ranks 132nd cleanest of 158 countries that generate at least 1 TWh a year.
Does Cuba import electricity?
Its imports and exports were roughly in balance in 2024.
How secure is Cuba's energy supply?
Global Grid's energy security score for Cuba is 40 out of 100 (vulnerable), 144th of 158 countries. It looks at how much of its own energy it produces, how varied its power sources are, its reliance on imported power and its use of low-carbon power, gas and oil.
Other countries in Latin America and Caribbean
Sources: Ember yearly electricity data (CC BY 4.0), figures up to 2024; pipelines and LNG terminals from Global Energy Monitor's Global Oil Infrastructure Tracker (June 2026 release) and Global Gas Infrastructure Tracker (November 2025 release) (CC BY 4.0). Ember's latest-year figures are first estimates and may be revised. TWh: terawatt hours (one billion kWh).