Global GridPanama's energy mix and electricity
🇵🇦 In 2024, Panama generated 13.4 TWh of electricity. The largest source was hydro at 53%, followed by gas (21%) and oil and other fossil fuels (7.4%). In total, 68% came from low-carbon sources (nuclear and renewables) and 32% from fossil fuels.
On average, each kilowatt hour produced about 221 grams of carbon dioxide (CO₂), far below the world average of 458 grams in 2025. That makes Panama the 46th cleanest of 158 countries that generate at least 1 TWh a year.
Electricity demand was 13.3 TWh. Panama exported 0.14 TWh more electricity than it imported.
Since 2000, electricity generation has grown by 174%, from 4.89 TWh. The low-carbon share went from 70% to 67%. The biggest rise was in gas, from 0% to 21% of generation. The biggest fall was in oil and other fossil fuels, from 30% to 7%. Carbon intensity rose from 211 to 221 grams per kWh.
Live, hour-by-hour figures for Panama are not connected yet. The dashboard shows its yearly figures, energy mix since 2000 and interconnector trade.
Energy mix in 2024
- Hydro 53%
- Gas 21%
- Oil and other fossil fuels 7.4%
- Solar 7.4%
- Wind 7.1%
- Coal 3.7%
- Bioenergy 0.4%
| Source | Share | Generated |
|---|---|---|
| Hydro | 53% | 7.12 TWh |
| Gas | 21% | 2.79 TWh |
| Oil and other fossil fuels | 7.4% | 0.99 TWh |
| Solar | 7.4% | 0.99 TWh |
| Wind | 7.1% | 0.95 TWh |
| Coal | 3.7% | 0.50 TWh |
| Bioenergy | 0.4% | 0.05 TWh |
Energy security score
Strong. Panama ranks 19th of 158 countries and 11th of 29 in Americas. The score shows how well a country could keep electricity affordable and on if fuel supplies were disrupted. It is based on 4 of the 5 measures.
| Measure | Score |
|---|---|
| Produces its own energy No reliable figure exists for Panama, so this measure is left out and the other four count for more. | n/a |
| Variety of power sources How evenly generation is spread across nine sources. The largest, hydro, made 53%. | 74 |
| Little reliance on imported power Panama exported more electricity than it imported, so it scores full marks. | 100 |
| Low-carbon power Nuclear and renewables made 68% of generation. | 68 |
| Low gas and oil use Gas and oil made 28% of generation; the score is 100 minus that share. | 72 |
The five measures are weighted 30%, 20%, 20%, 15% and 15%. How the score works.
Oil and gas pipelines
Global Energy Monitor lists 140 km of oil and gas pipelines operating in Panama, 0 km being built and 74 km proposed (lengths measured along the mapped routes; a pipeline crossing borders counts in full for each country). For liquefied natural gas (LNG), shipped by sea, it lists 1 import terminal operating (0 more being built or proposed).
See them on the interactive map · Pipelines around the world
How it has changed
| Year | Generated | Low-carbon | Fossil | CO₂ g/kWh |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 4.89 TWh | 70% | 30% | 211 |
| 2005 | 5.82 TWh | 64% | 36% | 251 |
| 2010 | 7.38 TWh | 57% | 43% | 297 |
| 2015 | 10.3 TWh | 65% | 35% | 258 |
| 2020 | 10.9 TWh | 75% | 25% | 181 |
| 2023 | 13.1 TWh | 61% | 40% | 266 |
| 2024 | 13.4 TWh | 67% | 32% | 221 |
Questions about Panama's energy
What is Panama's energy mix?
In 2024, Panama's electricity came from hydro 53%, gas 21%, oil and other fossil fuels 7.4% and solar 7.4%.
How much of Panama's electricity is renewable?
68% of its electricity came from renewables in 2024 (hydro 53%, solar 7.4% and wind 7.1%).
What is Panama's main source of electricity?
Hydro, which made 53% of its electricity in 2024.
How clean is Panama's electricity?
About 221 grams of CO₂ for each kilowatt hour in 2024, far below the world average of 458 grams. It ranks 46th cleanest of 158 countries that generate at least 1 TWh a year.
Does Panama import electricity?
It is a net exporter: in 2024 it exported 0.14 TWh more electricity than it imported.
How secure is Panama's energy supply?
Global Grid's energy security score for Panama is 80 out of 100 (strong), 19th of 158 countries. It looks at how much of its own energy it produces, how varied its power sources are, its reliance on imported power and its use of low-carbon power, gas and oil.
Other countries in Latin America and Caribbean
Sources: Ember yearly electricity data (CC BY 4.0), figures up to 2024; pipelines and LNG terminals from Global Energy Monitor's Global Oil Infrastructure Tracker (June 2026 release) and Global Gas Infrastructure Tracker (November 2025 release) (CC BY 4.0). Ember's latest-year figures are first estimates and may be revised. TWh: terawatt hours (one billion kWh).