Bhutan's energy mix and electricity

🇧🇹 In 2024, Bhutan generated 11.0 TWh of electricity. Almost all of it, 100%, came from hydro. In total, 100% came from low-carbon sources (nuclear and renewables) and 0% from fossil fuels.

On average, each kilowatt hour produced about 24 grams of carbon dioxide (CO₂), far below the world average of 458 grams in 2025. That makes Bhutan the 2nd cleanest of 158 countries that generate at least 1 TWh a year.

Electricity demand was 12.5 TWh. Bhutan imported 1.46 TWh more electricity than it exported, equal to 12% of its demand.

Since 2000, electricity generation has grown by 515%, from 1.79 TWh. The low-carbon share went from 100% to 100%.

Live, hour-by-hour figures for Bhutan are not connected yet. The dashboard shows its yearly figures, energy mix since 2000 and interconnector trade.

Energy mix in 2024

Hydro 100%

Source	Share	Generated
Hydro	100%	11.0 TWh

Energy security score

65out of 100

Moderate. Bhutan ranks 83rd of 158 countries and 19th of 46 in Asia. The score shows how well a country could keep electricity affordable and on if fuel supplies were disrupted. It is based on 4 of the 5 measures.

Measure	Score
Produces its own energy No reliable figure exists for Bhutan, so this measure is left out and the other four count for more.	n/a
Variety of power sources How evenly generation is spread across nine sources. The largest, hydro, made 100%.	0
Little reliance on imported power Net imports were 12% of demand; each 1% takes off 2 points.	77
Low-carbon power Nuclear and renewables made 100% of generation.	100
Low gas and oil use Gas and oil made 0% of generation; the score is 100 minus that share.	100

The five measures are weighted 30%, 20%, 20%, 15% and 15%. How the score works.

How it has changed

Year	Generated	Low-carbon	Fossil	CO₂ g/kWh
2000	1.79 TWh	100%	0%	22
2005	2.62 TWh	100%	0%	23
2010	7.26 TWh	100%	0%	23
2015	7.73 TWh	100%	0%	23
2020	11.4 TWh	100%	0%	24
2023	11.2 TWh	100%	0%	24
2024	11.0 TWh	100%	0%	24

Questions about Bhutan's energy

What is Bhutan's energy mix?

In 2024, Bhutan's electricity came from hydro 100%.

How much of Bhutan's electricity is renewable?

100% of its electricity came from renewables in 2024 (hydro 100%).

What is Bhutan's main source of electricity?

Hydro, which made 100% of its electricity in 2024.

How clean is Bhutan's electricity?

About 24 grams of CO₂ for each kilowatt hour in 2024, far below the world average of 458 grams. It ranks 2nd cleanest of 158 countries that generate at least 1 TWh a year.

Does Bhutan import electricity?

Yes: in 2024 it imported 1.46 TWh more than it exported, 12% of its demand.

How secure is Bhutan's energy supply?

Global Grid's energy security score for Bhutan is 65 out of 100 (moderate), 83rd of 158 countries. It looks at how much of its own energy it produces, how varied its power sources are, its reliance on imported power and its use of low-carbon power, gas and oil.

Other countries in Asia

See every country

Sources: Ember yearly electricity data (CC BY 4.0), figures up to 2024. Ember's latest-year figures are first estimates and may be revised. TWh: terawatt hours (one billion kWh).