Global GridVietnam's energy mix and electricity
🇻🇳 In 2025, Vietnam generated 310 TWh of electricity. The largest source was coal at 48%, followed by hydro (33%) and solar (7.4%). In total, 45% came from low-carbon sources (nuclear and renewables) and 55% from fossil fuels.
On average, each kilowatt hour produced about 463 grams of carbon dioxide (CO₂), close to the world average of 458 grams in 2025. That makes Vietnam the 85th cleanest of 158 countries that generate at least 1 TWh a year.
Electricity demand was 314 TWh. Vietnam imported 3.60 TWh more electricity than it exported, equal to 1.1% of its demand.
Since 2000, electricity generation has grown by 1,065%, from 26.6 TWh. The low-carbon share went from 55% to 45%. The biggest rise was in coal, from 12% to 48% of generation. The biggest fall was in hydro, from 55% to 33%. Carbon intensity rose from 322 to 463 grams per kWh.
Live, hour-by-hour figures for Vietnam are not connected yet. The dashboard shows its yearly figures, energy mix since 2000 and interconnector trade.
Energy mix in 2025
- Coal 48%
- Hydro 33%
- Solar 7.4%
- Gas 6.2%
- Wind 4.6%
- Bioenergy 0.3%
- Oil and other fossil fuels 0.2%
| Source | Share | Generated |
|---|---|---|
| Coal | 48% | 149 TWh |
| Hydro | 33% | 102 TWh |
| Solar | 7.4% | 22.9 TWh |
| Gas | 6.2% | 19.2 TWh |
| Wind | 4.6% | 14.3 TWh |
| Bioenergy | 0.3% | 0.93 TWh |
| Oil and other fossil fuels | 0.2% | 0.62 TWh |
Total energy mix in 2024
Electricity is only part of the energy Vietnam uses: fuel for transport, heating and industry counts too. In 2024, Vietnam used 1,480 TWh of energy in all (primary energy). The largest source was coal at 48%, followed by oil (27%) and hydro (15%). Fossil fuels made up 79% and low-carbon sources (nuclear and renewables) 22%.
- Coal 48%
- Oil 27%
- Hydro 15%
- Solar 4.3%
- Gas 4.2%
- Wind 2.1%
- Other renewables 0.2%
| Source | Share of all energy |
|---|---|
| Coal | 48% |
| Oil | 27% |
| Hydro | 15% |
| Solar | 4.3% |
| Gas | 4.2% |
| Wind | 2.1% |
| Other renewables | 0.2% |
Primary energy, with nuclear and renewable electricity counted as the fuel a power station would need to make it (the "substitution method"). Here "other renewables" is the Energy Institute's "geothermal, biomass and other" power generation, and biofuels are liquid fuels such as ethanol and biodiesel. Source: Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy via Our World in Data (CC BY 4.0).
Energy security score
Strong. Vietnam ranks 66th of 158 countries and 12th of 46 in Asia. The score shows how well a country could keep electricity affordable and on if fuel supplies were disrupted.
| Measure | Score |
|---|---|
| Produces its own energy In 2024, Vietnam produced energy equal to 51% of all the energy it used (100% or more scores full marks). | 51 |
| Variety of power sources How evenly generation is spread across nine sources. The largest, coal, made 48%. | 73 |
| Little reliance on imported power Net imports were 1.1% of demand; each 1% takes off 2 points. | 98 |
| Low-carbon power Nuclear and renewables made 45% of generation. | 45 |
| Low gas and oil use Gas and oil made 6.4% of generation; the score is 100 minus that share. | 94 |
The five measures are weighted 30%, 20%, 20%, 15% and 15%. How the score works.
Oil and gas pipelines
Global Energy Monitor lists 1,268 km of oil and gas pipelines operating in Vietnam, 0 km being built and 407 km proposed (lengths measured along the mapped routes; a pipeline crossing borders counts in full for each country). For liquefied natural gas (LNG), shipped by sea, it lists 2 import terminals operating (21 more being built or proposed).
See them on the interactive map · Pipelines around the world
How it has changed
| Year | Generated | Low-carbon | Fossil | CO₂ g/kWh |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 26.6 TWh | 55% | 45% | 322 |
| 2005 | 52.1 TWh | 32% | 68% | 463 |
| 2010 | 91.7 TWh | 31% | 69% | 452 |
| 2015 | 162 TWh | 35% | 66% | 487 |
| 2020 | 244 TWh | 34% | 65% | 532 |
| 2024 | 304 TWh | 42% | 57% | 487 |
| 2025 | 310 TWh | 45% | 54% | 463 |
Questions about Vietnam's energy
What is Vietnam's energy mix?
In 2025, Vietnam's electricity came from coal 48%, hydro 33%, solar 7.4% and gas 6.2%. Counting all the energy it uses, including fuel for transport and heating, the mix in 2024 was coal 48%, oil 27%, hydro 15% and solar 4.3%.
How much of Vietnam's electricity is renewable?
45% of its electricity came from renewables in 2025 (hydro 33%, solar 7.4% and wind 4.6%).
What is Vietnam's main source of electricity?
Coal, which made 48% of its electricity in 2025.
How clean is Vietnam's electricity?
About 463 grams of CO₂ for each kilowatt hour in 2025, close to the world average of 458 grams. It ranks 85th cleanest of 158 countries that generate at least 1 TWh a year.
Does Vietnam import electricity?
Yes: in 2025 it imported 3.60 TWh more than it exported, 1.1% of its demand.
How secure is Vietnam's energy supply?
Global Grid's energy security score for Vietnam is 70 out of 100 (strong), 66th of 158 countries. It looks at how much of its own energy it produces, how varied its power sources are, its reliance on imported power and its use of low-carbon power, gas and oil.
Other countries in Asia
Sources: Ember yearly electricity data (CC BY 4.0), figures up to 2025; energy production and use by source from the Energy Institute Statistical Review via Our World in Data (CC BY 4.0), 2024; pipelines and LNG terminals from Global Energy Monitor's Global Oil Infrastructure Tracker (June 2026 release) and Global Gas Infrastructure Tracker (November 2025 release) (CC BY 4.0). Ember's latest-year figures are first estimates and may be revised. TWh: terawatt hours (one billion kWh).