Global GridIndonesia's energy mix and electricity
🇮🇩 In 2024, Indonesia generated 372 TWh of electricity. The largest source was coal at 62%, followed by gas (19%) and hydro (7.3%). In total, 18% came from low-carbon sources (nuclear and renewables) and 82% from fossil fuels.
On average, each kilowatt hour produced about 681 grams of carbon dioxide (CO₂), above the world average of 458 grams in 2025. That makes Indonesia the 141st cleanest of 158 countries that generate at least 1 TWh a year.
Electricity demand was 373 TWh. Indonesia imported 0.96 TWh more electricity than it exported, equal to 0.3% of its demand.
Since 2000, electricity generation has grown by 280%, from 98.0 TWh. The low-carbon share went from 19% to 18%. The biggest rise was in coal, from 35% to 62% of generation. The biggest fall was in gas, from 33% to 19%. Carbon intensity rose from 631 to 681 grams per kWh.
Live, hour-by-hour figures for Indonesia are not connected yet. The dashboard shows its yearly figures, energy mix since 2000 and interconnector trade.
Energy mix in 2024
- Coal 62%
- Gas 19%
- Hydro 7.3%
- Bioenergy 5.7%
- Geothermal 4.5%
- Oil and other fossil fuels 1.9%
- Solar 0.4%
- Wind 0.1%
| Source | Share | Generated |
|---|---|---|
| Coal | 62% | 229 TWh |
| Gas | 19% | 68.8 TWh |
| Hydro | 7.3% | 27.2 TWh |
| Bioenergy | 5.7% | 21.2 TWh |
| Geothermal | 4.5% | 16.7 TWh |
| Oil and other fossil fuels | 1.9% | 7.07 TWh |
| Solar | 0.4% | 1.49 TWh |
| Wind | 0.1% | 0.37 TWh |
Total energy mix in 2024
Electricity is only part of the energy Indonesia uses: fuel for transport, heating and industry counts too. In 2024, Indonesia used 2,980 TWh of energy in all (primary energy). The largest source was coal at 44%, followed by oil (29%) and gas (16%). Fossil fuels made up 89% and low-carbon sources (nuclear and renewables) 11%.
- Coal 44%
- Oil 29%
- Gas 16%
- Other renewables 4.6%
- Biofuels 4%
- Hydro 2.2%
- Solar 0.1%
| Source | Share of all energy |
|---|---|
| Coal | 44% |
| Oil | 29% |
| Gas | 16% |
| Other renewables | 4.6% |
| Biofuels | 4% |
| Hydro | 2.2% |
| Solar | 0.1% |
Primary energy, with nuclear and renewable electricity counted as the fuel a power station would need to make it (the "substitution method"). Here "other renewables" is the Energy Institute's "geothermal, biomass and other" power generation, and biofuels are liquid fuels such as ethanol and biodiesel. Source: Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy via Our World in Data (CC BY 4.0).
Energy security score
Strong. Indonesia ranks 24th of 158 countries and 3rd of 46 in Asia. The score shows how well a country could keep electricity affordable and on if fuel supplies were disrupted.
| Measure | Score |
|---|---|
| Produces its own energy In 2024, Indonesia produced energy equal to 204% of all the energy it used (100% or more scores full marks). | 100 |
| Variety of power sources How evenly generation is spread across nine sources. The largest, coal, made 62%. | 65 |
| Little reliance on imported power Net imports were 0.3% of demand; each 1% takes off 2 points. | 99 |
| Low-carbon power Nuclear and renewables made 18% of generation. | 18 |
| Low gas and oil use Gas and oil made 20% of generation; the score is 100 minus that share. | 80 |
The five measures are weighted 30%, 20%, 20%, 15% and 15%. How the score works.
Oil and gas pipelines
Global Energy Monitor lists 6,348 km of oil and gas pipelines operating in Indonesia, 209 km being built and 3,629 km proposed (lengths measured along the mapped routes; a pipeline crossing borders counts in full for each country). For liquefied natural gas (LNG), shipped by sea, it lists 5 import terminals operating (3 more being built or proposed) and 6 export terminals operating (2 more being built or proposed).
See them on the interactive map · Pipelines around the world
How it has changed
| Year | Generated | Low-carbon | Fossil | CO₂ g/kWh |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 98.0 TWh | 19% | 81% | 631 |
| 2005 | 133 TWh | 17% | 83% | 651 |
| 2010 | 178 TWh | 19% | 81% | 637 |
| 2015 | 243 TWh | 14% | 86% | 697 |
| 2020 | 292 TWh | 17% | 82% | 685 |
| 2023 | 351 TWh | 18% | 82% | 681 |
| 2024 | 372 TWh | 18% | 83% | 681 |
Questions about Indonesia's energy
What is Indonesia's energy mix?
In 2024, Indonesia's electricity came from coal 62%, gas 19%, hydro 7.3% and bioenergy 5.7%. Counting all the energy it uses, including fuel for transport and heating, the mix in 2024 was coal 44%, oil 29%, gas 16% and other renewables 4.6%.
How much of Indonesia's electricity is renewable?
18% of its electricity came from renewables in 2024 (hydro 7.3%, bioenergy 5.7% and geothermal 4.5%).
What is Indonesia's main source of electricity?
Coal, which made 62% of its electricity in 2024.
How clean is Indonesia's electricity?
About 681 grams of CO₂ for each kilowatt hour in 2024, above the world average of 458 grams. It ranks 141st cleanest of 158 countries that generate at least 1 TWh a year.
Does Indonesia import electricity?
Yes: in 2024 it imported 0.96 TWh more than it exported, 0.3% of its demand.
How secure is Indonesia's energy supply?
Global Grid's energy security score for Indonesia is 78 out of 100 (strong), 24th of 158 countries. It looks at how much of its own energy it produces, how varied its power sources are, its reliance on imported power and its use of low-carbon power, gas and oil.
Other countries in Asia
Sources: Ember yearly electricity data (CC BY 4.0), figures up to 2024; energy production and use by source from the Energy Institute Statistical Review via Our World in Data (CC BY 4.0), 2024; pipelines and LNG terminals from Global Energy Monitor's Global Oil Infrastructure Tracker (June 2026 release) and Global Gas Infrastructure Tracker (November 2025 release) (CC BY 4.0). Ember's latest-year figures are first estimates and may be revised. TWh: terawatt hours (one billion kWh).