Global GridJapan's energy mix and electricity
🇯🇵 In 2025, Japan generated 1,030 TWh of electricity. The largest source was gas at 33%, followed by coal (32%) and solar (9.8%). In total, 33% came from low-carbon sources (nuclear and renewables) and 67% from fossil fuels.
On average, each kilowatt hour produced about 477 grams of carbon dioxide (CO₂), close to the world average of 458 grams in 2025. That makes Japan the 90th cleanest of 158 countries that generate at least 1 TWh a year.
Electricity demand was 1,030 TWh. Its electricity imports and exports were roughly in balance.
Since 2000, electricity generation has fallen by 6.4%, from 1,100 TWh. The low-carbon share went from 39% to 32%. The biggest rise was in coal, from 22% to 32% of generation. The biggest fall was in nuclear, from 29% to 9%. Carbon intensity rose from 424 to 477 grams per kWh.
Live, hour-by-hour figures for Japan are not connected yet. The dashboard shows its yearly figures, energy mix since 2000 and interconnector trade.
Energy mix in 2025
- Gas 33%
- Coal 32%
- Solar 9.8%
- Nuclear 9.1%
- Hydro 7.2%
- Bioenergy 5.3%
- Oil and other fossil fuels 2.5%
- Wind 1.2%
| Source | Share | Generated |
|---|---|---|
| Gas | 33% | 338 TWh |
| Coal | 32% | 331 TWh |
| Solar | 9.8% | 101 TWh |
| Nuclear | 9.1% | 93.7 TWh |
| Hydro | 7.2% | 74.2 TWh |
| Bioenergy | 5.3% | 54.6 TWh |
| Oil and other fossil fuels | 2.5% | 25.8 TWh |
| Wind | 1.2% | 12.4 TWh |
Total energy mix in 2024
Electricity is only part of the energy Japan uses: fuel for transport, heating and industry counts too. In 2024, Japan used 4,790 TWh of energy in all (primary energy). The largest source was oil at 37%, followed by coal (26%) and gas (19%). Fossil fuels made up 83% and low-carbon sources (nuclear and renewables) 17%.
- Oil 37%
- Coal 26%
- Gas 19%
- Solar 5%
- Nuclear 4.3%
- Hydro 4.1%
- Other renewables 3%
- Wind 0.6%
- Biofuels 0.1%
| Source | Share of all energy |
|---|---|
| Oil | 37% |
| Coal | 26% |
| Gas | 19% |
| Solar | 5% |
| Nuclear | 4.3% |
| Hydro | 4.1% |
| Other renewables | 3% |
| Wind | 0.6% |
| Biofuels | 0.1% |
Primary energy, with nuclear and renewable electricity counted as the fuel a power station would need to make it (the "substitution method"). Here "other renewables" is the Energy Institute's "geothermal, biomass and other" power generation, and biofuels are liquid fuels such as ethanol and biodiesel. Source: Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy via Our World in Data (CC BY 4.0).
Energy security score
Moderate. Japan ranks 104th of 158 countries and 28th of 46 in Asia. The score shows how well a country could keep electricity affordable and on if fuel supplies were disrupted.
| Measure | Score |
|---|---|
| Produces its own energy In 2024, Japan produced energy equal to 17% of all the energy it used (100% or more scores full marks). | 17 |
| Variety of power sources How evenly generation is spread across nine sources. The largest, gas, made 33%. | 86 |
| Little reliance on imported power Japan exported more electricity than it imported, so it scores full marks. | 100 |
| Low-carbon power Nuclear and renewables made 33% of generation. | 33 |
| Low gas and oil use Gas and oil made 35% of generation; the score is 100 minus that share. | 65 |
The five measures are weighted 30%, 20%, 20%, 15% and 15%. How the score works.
Oil and gas pipelines
Global Energy Monitor lists 3,434 km of oil and gas pipelines operating in Japan, 0 km being built and 30 km proposed (lengths measured along the mapped routes; a pipeline crossing borders counts in full for each country). For liquefied natural gas (LNG), shipped by sea, it lists 46 import terminals operating (1 more being built or proposed).
See them on the interactive map · Pipelines around the world
How it has changed
| Year | Generated | Low-carbon | Fossil | CO₂ g/kWh |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 1,100 TWh | 39% | 63% | 424 |
| 2005 | 1,150 TWh | 34% | 66% | 462 |
| 2010 | 1,160 TWh | 35% | 64% | 447 |
| 2015 | 1,030 TWh | 15% | 85% | 578 |
| 2020 | 1,010 TWh | 24% | 78% | 528 |
| 2024 | 1,020 TWh | 32% | 69% | 484 |
| 2025 | 1,030 TWh | 32% | 68% | 477 |
Questions about Japan's energy
What is Japan's energy mix?
In 2025, Japan's electricity came from gas 33%, coal 32%, solar 9.8% and nuclear 9.1%. Counting all the energy it uses, including fuel for transport and heating, the mix in 2024 was oil 37%, coal 26%, gas 19% and solar 5%.
How much of Japan's electricity is renewable?
24% of its electricity came from renewables in 2025 (solar 9.8%, hydro 7.2%, bioenergy 5.3% and wind 1.2%). Including nuclear power, 33% of its electricity was low-carbon.
What is Japan's main source of electricity?
Gas, which made 33% of its electricity in 2025.
How clean is Japan's electricity?
About 477 grams of CO₂ for each kilowatt hour in 2025, close to the world average of 458 grams. It ranks 90th cleanest of 158 countries that generate at least 1 TWh a year.
Does Japan import electricity?
Its imports and exports were roughly in balance in 2025.
How secure is Japan's energy supply?
Global Grid's energy security score for Japan is 57 out of 100 (moderate), 104th of 158 countries. It looks at how much of its own energy it produces, how varied its power sources are, its reliance on imported power and its use of low-carbon power, gas and oil.
Other countries in Asia
Sources: Ember yearly electricity data (CC BY 4.0), figures up to 2025; energy production and use by source from the Energy Institute Statistical Review via Our World in Data (CC BY 4.0), 2024; pipelines and LNG terminals from Global Energy Monitor's Global Oil Infrastructure Tracker (June 2026 release) and Global Gas Infrastructure Tracker (November 2025 release) (CC BY 4.0). Ember's latest-year figures are first estimates and may be revised. TWh: terawatt hours (one billion kWh).