Global GridMongolia's energy mix and electricity
🇲🇳 In 2025, Mongolia generated 9.69 TWh of electricity. The largest source was coal at 86%, followed by oil and other fossil fuels (5.9%) and wind (5.6%). In total, 8.4% came from low-carbon sources (nuclear and renewables) and 92% from fossil fuels.
On average, each kilowatt hour produced about 824 grams of carbon dioxide (CO₂), far above the world average of 458 grams in 2025. That makes Mongolia the 151st cleanest of 158 countries that generate at least 1 TWh a year.
Electricity demand was 12.4 TWh. Mongolia imported 2.72 TWh more electricity than it exported, equal to 22% of its demand.
Since 2000, electricity generation has grown by 234%, from 2.90 TWh. The low-carbon share went from 0% to 9%. The biggest rise was in wind, from 0% to 6% of generation. The biggest fall was in coal, from 98% to 86%. Carbon intensity fell from 910 to 824 grams per kWh.
Live, hour-by-hour figures for Mongolia are not connected yet. The dashboard shows its yearly figures, energy mix since 2000 and interconnector trade.
Energy mix in 2025
- Coal 86%
- Oil and other fossil fuels 5.9%
- Wind 5.6%
- Solar 2.2%
- Hydro 0.6%
| Source | Share | Generated |
|---|---|---|
| Coal | 86% | 8.31 TWh |
| Oil and other fossil fuels | 5.9% | 0.57 TWh |
| Wind | 5.6% | 0.54 TWh |
| Solar | 2.2% | 0.21 TWh |
| Hydro | 0.6% | 0.06 TWh |
Energy security score
Vulnerable. Mongolia ranks 134th of 158 countries and 37th of 46 in Asia. The score shows how well a country could keep electricity affordable and on if fuel supplies were disrupted. It is based on 4 of the 5 measures.
| Measure | Score |
|---|---|
| Produces its own energy No reliable figure exists for Mongolia, so this measure is left out and the other four count for more. | n/a |
| Variety of power sources How evenly generation is spread across nine sources. The largest, coal, made 86%. | 29 |
| Little reliance on imported power Net imports were 22% of demand; each 1% takes off 2 points. | 56 |
| Low-carbon power Nuclear and renewables made 8.4% of generation. | 8 |
| Low gas and oil use Gas and oil made 5.9% of generation; the score is 100 minus that share. | 94 |
The five measures are weighted 30%, 20%, 20%, 15% and 15%. How the score works.
Oil and gas pipelines
Global Energy Monitor lists 0 km of oil and gas pipelines operating in Mongolia, 0 km being built and 2,472 km proposed (lengths measured along the mapped routes; a pipeline crossing borders counts in full for each country).
See them on the interactive map · Pipelines around the world
How it has changed
| Year | Generated | Low-carbon | Fossil | CO₂ g/kWh |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 2.90 TWh | 0% | 100% | 910 |
| 2005 | 3.40 TWh | 0% | 100% | 909 |
| 2010 | 4.32 TWh | 1% | 99% | 894 |
| 2015 | 5.51 TWh | 4% | 96% | 868 |
| 2020 | 6.64 TWh | 10% | 90% | 810 |
| 2024 | 8.82 TWh | 9% | 92% | 817 |
| 2025 | 9.69 TWh | 9% | 92% | 824 |
Questions about Mongolia's energy
What is Mongolia's energy mix?
In 2025, Mongolia's electricity came from coal 86%, oil and other fossil fuels 5.9%, wind 5.6% and solar 2.2%.
How much of Mongolia's electricity is renewable?
8.4% of its electricity came from renewables in 2025 (wind 5.6%, solar 2.2% and hydro 0.6%).
What is Mongolia's main source of electricity?
Coal, which made 86% of its electricity in 2025.
How clean is Mongolia's electricity?
About 824 grams of CO₂ for each kilowatt hour in 2025, far above the world average of 458 grams. It ranks 151st cleanest of 158 countries that generate at least 1 TWh a year.
Does Mongolia import electricity?
Yes: in 2025 it imported 2.72 TWh more than it exported, 22% of its demand.
How secure is Mongolia's energy supply?
Global Grid's energy security score for Mongolia is 46 out of 100 (vulnerable), 134th of 158 countries. It looks at how much of its own energy it produces, how varied its power sources are, its reliance on imported power and its use of low-carbon power, gas and oil.
Other countries in Asia
Sources: Ember yearly electricity data (CC BY 4.0), figures up to 2025; pipelines and LNG terminals from Global Energy Monitor's Global Oil Infrastructure Tracker (June 2026 release) and Global Gas Infrastructure Tracker (November 2025 release) (CC BY 4.0). Ember's latest-year figures are first estimates and may be revised. TWh: terawatt hours (one billion kWh).