Global GridNepal's energy mix and electricity
🇳🇵 In 2024, Nepal generated 11.1 TWh of electricity. Almost all of it, 99%, came from hydro. In total, 100% came from low-carbon sources (nuclear and renewables) and 0% from fossil fuels.
On average, each kilowatt hour produced about 24 grams of carbon dioxide (CO₂), far below the world average of 458 grams in 2025. That makes Nepal the 4th cleanest of 158 countries that generate at least 1 TWh a year.
Electricity demand was 11.0 TWh. Nepal exported 0.10 TWh more electricity than it imported.
Since 2000, electricity generation has grown by 573%, from 1.65 TWh. The low-carbon share went from 98% to 100%. Carbon intensity fell from 36 to 24 grams per kWh.
Live, hour-by-hour figures for Nepal are not connected yet. The dashboard shows its yearly figures, energy mix since 2000 and interconnector trade.
Energy mix in 2024
- Hydro 99%
- Solar 1.1%
- Wind 0.1%
| Source | Share | Generated |
|---|---|---|
| Hydro | 99% | 11.0 TWh |
| Solar | 1.1% | 0.12 TWh |
| Wind | 0.1% | 0.01 TWh |
Energy security score
Strong. Nepal ranks 54th of 158 countries and 10th of 46 in Asia. The score shows how well a country could keep electricity affordable and on if fuel supplies were disrupted. It is based on 4 of the 5 measures.
| Measure | Score |
|---|---|
| Produces its own energy No reliable figure exists for Nepal, so this measure is left out and the other four count for more. | n/a |
| Variety of power sources How evenly generation is spread across nine sources. The largest, hydro, made 99%. | 3 |
| Little reliance on imported power Nepal exported more electricity than it imported, so it scores full marks. | 100 |
| Low-carbon power Nuclear and renewables made 100% of generation. | 100 |
| Low gas and oil use Gas and oil made 0% of generation; the score is 100 minus that share. | 100 |
The five measures are weighted 30%, 20%, 20%, 15% and 15%. How the score works.
Oil and gas pipelines
Global Energy Monitor lists 0 km of oil and gas pipelines operating in Nepal, 0 km being built and 90 km proposed (lengths measured along the mapped routes; a pipeline crossing borders counts in full for each country).
See them on the interactive map · Pipelines around the world
How it has changed
| Year | Generated | Low-carbon | Fossil | CO₂ g/kWh |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 1.65 TWh | 98% | 2% | 36 |
| 2005 | 2.51 TWh | 99% | 1% | 28 |
| 2010 | 3.18 TWh | 100% | 0% | 25 |
| 2015 | 3.46 TWh | 100% | 0% | 23 |
| 2020 | 6.18 TWh | 100% | 0% | 23 |
| 2023 | 10.7 TWh | 100% | 0% | 23 |
| 2024 | 11.1 TWh | 100% | 0% | 24 |
Questions about Nepal's energy
What is Nepal's energy mix?
In 2024, Nepal's electricity came from hydro 99% and solar 1.1%.
How much of Nepal's electricity is renewable?
100% of its electricity came from renewables in 2024 (hydro 99% and solar 1.1%).
What is Nepal's main source of electricity?
Hydro, which made 99% of its electricity in 2024.
How clean is Nepal's electricity?
About 24 grams of CO₂ for each kilowatt hour in 2024, far below the world average of 458 grams. It ranks 4th cleanest of 158 countries that generate at least 1 TWh a year.
Does Nepal import electricity?
It is a net exporter: in 2024 it exported 0.10 TWh more electricity than it imported.
How secure is Nepal's energy supply?
Global Grid's energy security score for Nepal is 72 out of 100 (strong), 54th of 158 countries. It looks at how much of its own energy it produces, how varied its power sources are, its reliance on imported power and its use of low-carbon power, gas and oil.
Other countries in Asia
Sources: Ember yearly electricity data (CC BY 4.0), figures up to 2024; pipelines and LNG terminals from Global Energy Monitor's Global Oil Infrastructure Tracker (June 2026 release) and Global Gas Infrastructure Tracker (November 2025 release) (CC BY 4.0). Ember's latest-year figures are first estimates and may be revised. TWh: terawatt hours (one billion kWh).