Global GridBelgium's energy mix and electricity
🇧🇪 In 2025, Belgium generated 66.9 TWh of electricity. The largest source was nuclear at 36%, followed by wind (20%) and gas (20%). In total, 80% came from low-carbon sources (nuclear and renewables) and 20% from fossil fuels.
On average, each kilowatt hour produced about 109 grams of carbon dioxide (CO₂), far below the world average of 458 grams in 2025. That makes Belgium the 23rd cleanest of 158 countries that generate at least 1 TWh a year.
Electricity demand was 80.3 TWh. Belgium imported 13.4 TWh more electricity than it exported, equal to 17% of its demand.
Since 2000, electricity generation has fallen by 19%, from 82.8 TWh. The low-carbon share went from 60% to 80%. The biggest rise was in wind, from 0% to 20% of generation. The biggest fall was in nuclear, from 58% to 36%. Carbon intensity fell from 270 to 109 grams per kWh.
Live figures for Belgium, updated about every hour, are on the live dashboard.
Belgium is linked to Great Britain by an undersea power cable: Nemo Link (1,000 MW). See every UK interconnector.
Energy mix in 2025
- Nuclear 36%
- Wind 20%
- Gas 20%
- Solar 16%
- Bioenergy 7.4%
- Hydro 0.7%
- Oil and other fossil fuels 0.6%
| Source | Share | Generated |
|---|---|---|
| Nuclear | 36% | 24.1 TWh |
| Wind | 20% | 13.4 TWh |
| Gas | 20% | 13.0 TWh |
| Solar | 16% | 10.4 TWh |
| Bioenergy | 7.4% | 4.95 TWh |
| Hydro | 0.7% | 0.47 TWh |
| Oil and other fossil fuels | 0.6% | 0.40 TWh |
Total energy mix in 2024
Electricity is only part of the energy Belgium uses: fuel for transport, heating and industry counts too. In 2024, Belgium used 644 TWh of energy in all (primary energy). The largest source was oil at 51%, followed by gas (21%) and nuclear (12%). Fossil fuels made up 77% and low-carbon sources (nuclear and renewables) 23%.
- Oil 51%
- Gas 21%
- Nuclear 12%
- Wind 5%
- Coal 4.8%
- Solar 3.3%
- Other renewables 1.6%
- Biofuels 1.4%
- Hydro 0.2%
| Source | Share of all energy |
|---|---|
| Oil | 51% |
| Gas | 21% |
| Nuclear | 12% |
| Wind | 5% |
| Coal | 4.8% |
| Solar | 3.3% |
| Other renewables | 1.6% |
| Biofuels | 1.4% |
| Hydro | 0.2% |
Primary energy, with nuclear and renewable electricity counted as the fuel a power station would need to make it (the "substitution method"). Here "other renewables" is the Energy Institute's "geothermal, biomass and other" power generation, and biofuels are liquid fuels such as ethanol and biodiesel. Source: Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy via Our World in Data (CC BY 4.0).
Energy security score
Moderate. Belgium ranks 89th of 158 countries and 25th of 39 in Europe. The score shows how well a country could keep electricity affordable and on if fuel supplies were disrupted.
| Measure | Score |
|---|---|
| Produces its own energy In 2024, Belgium produced energy equal to 23% of all the energy it used (100% or more scores full marks). | 23 |
| Variety of power sources How evenly generation is spread across nine sources. The largest, nuclear, made 36%. | 86 |
| Little reliance on imported power Net imports were 17% of demand; each 1% takes off 2 points. | 67 |
| Low-carbon power Nuclear and renewables made 80% of generation. | 80 |
| Low gas and oil use Gas and oil made 20% of generation; the score is 100 minus that share. | 80 |
The five measures are weighted 30%, 20%, 20%, 15% and 15%. How the score works.
Oil and gas pipelines
Global Energy Monitor lists 8,669 km of oil and gas pipelines operating in Belgium, 42 km being built and 160 km proposed (lengths measured along the mapped routes; a pipeline crossing borders counts in full for each country). For liquefied natural gas (LNG), shipped by sea, it lists 4 import terminals operating (1 more being built or proposed).
See them on the interactive map · Pipelines around the world
How it has changed
| Year | Generated | Low-carbon | Fossil | CO₂ g/kWh |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 82.8 TWh | 60% | 41% | 270 |
| 2005 | 84.4 TWh | 58% | 42% | 241 |
| 2010 | 93.0 TWh | 59% | 42% | 213 |
| 2015 | 68.4 TWh | 60% | 41% | 216 |
| 2020 | 88.3 TWh | 66% | 34% | 167 |
| 2024 | 75.8 TWh | 76% | 24% | 127 |
| 2025 | 66.9 TWh | 80% | 21% | 109 |
Questions about Belgium's energy
What is Belgium's energy mix?
In 2025, Belgium's electricity came from nuclear 36%, wind 20%, gas 20% and solar 16%. Counting all the energy it uses, including fuel for transport and heating, the mix in 2024 was oil 51%, gas 21%, nuclear 12% and wind 5%.
How much of Belgium's electricity is renewable?
44% of its electricity came from renewables in 2025 (wind 20%, solar 16%, bioenergy 7.4% and hydro 0.7%). Including nuclear power, 80% of its electricity was low-carbon.
What is Belgium's main source of electricity?
Nuclear, which made 36% of its electricity in 2025.
How clean is Belgium's electricity?
About 109 grams of CO₂ for each kilowatt hour in 2025, far below the world average of 458 grams. It ranks 23rd cleanest of 158 countries that generate at least 1 TWh a year.
Does Belgium import electricity?
Yes: in 2025 it imported 13.4 TWh more than it exported, 17% of its demand.
How secure is Belgium's energy supply?
Global Grid's energy security score for Belgium is 61 out of 100 (moderate), 89th of 158 countries. It looks at how much of its own energy it produces, how varied its power sources are, its reliance on imported power and its use of low-carbon power, gas and oil.
Other countries in Europe
Sources: Ember yearly electricity data (CC BY 4.0), figures up to 2025; energy production and use by source from the Energy Institute Statistical Review via Our World in Data (CC BY 4.0), 2024; pipelines and LNG terminals from Global Energy Monitor's Global Oil Infrastructure Tracker (June 2026 release) and Global Gas Infrastructure Tracker (November 2025 release) (CC BY 4.0). Ember's latest-year figures are first estimates and may be revised. TWh: terawatt hours (one billion kWh).