Global GridFrance's energy mix and electricity
🇫🇷 In 2025, France generated 570 TWh of electricity. The largest source was nuclear at 69%, followed by hydro (10%) and wind (8.1%). In total, 95% came from low-carbon sources (nuclear and renewables) and 5.1% from fossil fuels.
On average, each kilowatt hour produced about 41 grams of carbon dioxide (CO₂), far below the world average of 458 grams in 2025. That makes France the 11th cleanest of 158 countries that generate at least 1 TWh a year.
Electricity demand was 477 TWh. France exported 93.3 TWh more electricity than it imported.
Since 2000, electricity generation has grown by 6.9%, from 533 TWh. The low-carbon share went from 91% to 95%. The biggest rise was in wind, from 0% to 8% of generation. The biggest fall was in nuclear, from 78% to 69%. Carbon intensity fell from 80 to 41 grams per kWh.
Live figures for France, updated about every hour, are on the live dashboard.
France is linked to Great Britain by three power cables: IFA (2,000 MW), IFA2 (1,000 MW) and ElecLink (1,000 MW). See every UK interconnector.
Energy mix in 2025
- Nuclear 69%
- Hydro 10%
- Wind 8.1%
- Solar 5.6%
- Gas 3%
- Oil and other fossil fuels 1.8%
- Bioenergy 1.8%
- Coal 0.3%
- Tidal power 0.1%
| Source | Share | Generated |
|---|---|---|
| Nuclear | 69% | 392 TWh |
| Hydro | 10% | 59.3 TWh |
| Wind | 8.1% | 46.2 TWh |
| Solar | 5.6% | 31.9 TWh |
| Gas | 3% | 17.1 TWh |
| Oil and other fossil fuels | 1.8% | 10.3 TWh |
| Bioenergy | 1.8% | 10.3 TWh |
| Coal | 0.3% | 1.71 TWh |
| Tidal power | 0.1% | 0.57 TWh |
Total energy mix in 2024
Electricity is only part of the energy France uses: fuel for transport, heating and industry counts too. In 2024, France used 2,520 TWh of energy in all (primary energy). The largest source was nuclear at 37%, followed by oil (31%) and gas (13%). Fossil fuels made up 46% and low-carbon sources (nuclear and renewables) 54%.
- Nuclear 37%
- Oil 31%
- Gas 13%
- Hydro 7%
- Wind 4.6%
- Solar 2.3%
- Coal 2%
- Biofuels 1.4%
- Other renewables 1.2%
| Source | Share of all energy |
|---|---|
| Nuclear | 37% |
| Oil | 31% |
| Gas | 13% |
| Hydro | 7% |
| Wind | 4.6% |
| Solar | 2.3% |
| Coal | 2% |
| Biofuels | 1.4% |
| Other renewables | 1.2% |
Primary energy, with nuclear and renewable electricity counted as the fuel a power station would need to make it (the "substitution method"). Here "other renewables" is the Energy Institute's "geothermal, biomass and other" power generation, and biofuels are liquid fuels such as ethanol and biodiesel. Source: Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy via Our World in Data (CC BY 4.0).
Energy security score
Strong. France ranks 33rd of 158 countries and 11th of 39 in Europe. The score shows how well a country could keep electricity affordable and on if fuel supplies were disrupted.
| Measure | Score |
|---|---|
| Produces its own energy In 2024, France produced energy equal to 53% of all the energy it used (100% or more scores full marks). | 53 |
| Variety of power sources How evenly generation is spread across nine sources. The largest, nuclear, made 69%. | 57 |
| Little reliance on imported power France exported more electricity than it imported, so it scores full marks. | 100 |
| Low-carbon power Nuclear and renewables made 95% of generation. | 95 |
| Low gas and oil use Gas and oil made 4.8% of generation; the score is 100 minus that share. | 95 |
The five measures are weighted 30%, 20%, 20%, 15% and 15%. How the score works.
Oil and gas pipelines
Global Energy Monitor lists 42,910 km of oil and gas pipelines operating in France, 0 km being built and 703 km proposed (lengths measured along the mapped routes; a pipeline crossing borders counts in full for each country). For liquefied natural gas (LNG), shipped by sea, it lists 7 import terminals operating (4 more being built or proposed).
See them on the interactive map · Pipelines around the world
How it has changed
| Year | Generated | Low-carbon | Fossil | CO₂ g/kWh |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 533 TWh | 91% | 9% | 80 |
| 2005 | 569 TWh | 89% | 11% | 86 |
| 2010 | 562 TWh | 90% | 10% | 79 |
| 2015 | 574 TWh | 92% | 8% | 59 |
| 2020 | 527 TWh | 92% | 10% | 59 |
| 2024 | 562 TWh | 96% | 5% | 40 |
| 2025 | 570 TWh | 95% | 5% | 41 |
Questions about France's energy
What is France's energy mix?
In 2025, France's electricity came from nuclear 69%, hydro 10%, wind 8.1% and solar 5.6%. Counting all the energy it uses, including fuel for transport and heating, the mix in 2024 was nuclear 37%, oil 31%, gas 13% and hydro 7%.
How much of France's electricity is renewable?
26% of its electricity came from renewables in 2025 (hydro 10%, wind 8.1%, solar 5.6% and bioenergy 1.8%). Including nuclear power, 95% of its electricity was low-carbon.
What is France's main source of electricity?
Nuclear, which made 69% of its electricity in 2025.
How clean is France's electricity?
About 41 grams of CO₂ for each kilowatt hour in 2025, far below the world average of 458 grams. It ranks 11th cleanest of 158 countries that generate at least 1 TWh a year.
Does France import electricity?
It is a net exporter: in 2025 it exported 93.3 TWh more electricity than it imported.
How secure is France's energy supply?
Global Grid's energy security score for France is 76 out of 100 (strong), 33rd of 158 countries. It looks at how much of its own energy it produces, how varied its power sources are, its reliance on imported power and its use of low-carbon power, gas and oil.
Other countries in Europe
Sources: Ember yearly electricity data (CC BY 4.0), figures up to 2025; energy production and use by source from the Energy Institute Statistical Review via Our World in Data (CC BY 4.0), 2024; pipelines and LNG terminals from Global Energy Monitor's Global Oil Infrastructure Tracker (June 2026 release) and Global Gas Infrastructure Tracker (November 2025 release) (CC BY 4.0). Ember's latest-year figures are first estimates and may be revised. TWh: terawatt hours (one billion kWh).