Global GridPoland's energy mix and electricity
🇵🇱 In 2025, Poland generated 173 TWh of electricity. The largest source was coal at 51%, followed by gas (14%) and wind (14%). In total, 31% came from low-carbon sources (nuclear and renewables) and 69% from fossil fuels.
On average, each kilowatt hour produced about 591 grams of carbon dioxide (CO₂), above the world average of 458 grams in 2025. That makes Poland the 121st cleanest of 158 countries that generate at least 1 TWh a year.
Electricity demand was 174 TWh. Poland imported 1.04 TWh more electricity than it exported, equal to 0.6% of its demand.
Since 2000, electricity generation has grown by 21%, from 143 TWh. The low-carbon share went from 2% to 31%. The biggest rise was in wind, from 0% to 14% of generation. The biggest fall was in coal, from 95% to 51%. Carbon intensity fell from 955 to 591 grams per kWh.
Live figures for Poland, updated about every hour, are on the live dashboard.
Energy mix in 2025
- Coal 51%
- Gas 14%
- Wind 14%
- Solar 11%
- Bioenergy 4.9%
- Oil and other fossil fuels 3.7%
- Hydro 1%
- Other renewables 0.1%
| Source | Share | Generated |
|---|---|---|
| Coal | 51% | 87.5 TWh |
| Gas | 14% | 24.9 TWh |
| Wind | 14% | 24.0 TWh |
| Solar | 11% | 19.5 TWh |
| Bioenergy | 4.9% | 8.48 TWh |
| Oil and other fossil fuels | 3.7% | 6.40 TWh |
| Hydro | 1% | 1.73 TWh |
| Other renewables | 0.1% | 0.17 TWh |
Total energy mix in 2024
Electricity is only part of the energy Poland uses: fuel for transport, heating and industry counts too. In 2024, Poland used 1,130 TWh of energy in all (primary energy). The largest source was oil at 35%, followed by coal (33%) and gas (19%). Fossil fuels made up 87% and low-carbon sources (nuclear and renewables) 13%.
- Oil 35%
- Coal 33%
- Gas 19%
- Wind 5.6%
- Solar 3.2%
- Other renewables 2.2%
- Biofuels 1.5%
- Hydro 0.5%
| Source | Share of all energy |
|---|---|
| Oil | 35% |
| Coal | 33% |
| Gas | 19% |
| Wind | 5.6% |
| Solar | 3.2% |
| Other renewables | 2.2% |
| Biofuels | 1.5% |
| Hydro | 0.5% |
Primary energy, with nuclear and renewable electricity counted as the fuel a power station would need to make it (the "substitution method"). Here "other renewables" is the Energy Institute's "geothermal, biomass and other" power generation, and biofuels are liquid fuels such as ethanol and biodiesel. Source: Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy via Our World in Data (CC BY 4.0).
Energy security score
Moderate. Poland ranks 77th of 158 countries and 22nd of 39 in Europe. The score shows how well a country could keep electricity affordable and on if fuel supplies were disrupted.
| Measure | Score |
|---|---|
| Produces its own energy In 2024, Poland produced energy equal to 50% of all the energy it used (100% or more scores full marks). | 50 |
| Variety of power sources How evenly generation is spread across nine sources. The largest, coal, made 51%. | 77 |
| Little reliance on imported power Net imports were 0.6% of demand; each 1% takes off 2 points. | 99 |
| Low-carbon power Nuclear and renewables made 31% of generation. | 31 |
| Low gas and oil use Gas and oil made 18% of generation; the score is 100 minus that share. | 82 |
The five measures are weighted 30%, 20%, 20%, 15% and 15%. How the score works.
Oil and gas pipelines
Global Energy Monitor lists 6,764 km of oil and gas pipelines operating in Poland, 104 km being built and 1,430 km proposed (lengths measured along the mapped routes; a pipeline crossing borders counts in full for each country). For liquefied natural gas (LNG), shipped by sea, it lists 3 import terminals operating (2 more being built or proposed).
See them on the interactive map · Pipelines around the world
How it has changed
| Year | Generated | Low-carbon | Fossil | CO₂ g/kWh |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 143 TWh | 2% | 99% | 955 |
| 2005 | 155 TWh | 2% | 97% | 932 |
| 2010 | 157 TWh | 7% | 93% | 893 |
| 2015 | 164 TWh | 14% | 86% | 826 |
| 2020 | 157 TWh | 17% | 82% | 738 |
| 2024 | 172 TWh | 31% | 69% | 608 |
| 2025 | 173 TWh | 31% | 69% | 591 |
Questions about Poland's energy
What is Poland's energy mix?
In 2025, Poland's electricity came from coal 51%, gas 14%, wind 14% and solar 11%. Counting all the energy it uses, including fuel for transport and heating, the mix in 2024 was oil 35%, coal 33%, gas 19% and wind 5.6%.
How much of Poland's electricity is renewable?
31% of its electricity came from renewables in 2025 (wind 14%, solar 11%, bioenergy 4.9% and hydro 1%).
What is Poland's main source of electricity?
Coal, which made 51% of its electricity in 2025.
How clean is Poland's electricity?
About 591 grams of CO₂ for each kilowatt hour in 2025, above the world average of 458 grams. It ranks 121st cleanest of 158 countries that generate at least 1 TWh a year.
Does Poland import electricity?
Yes: in 2025 it imported 1.04 TWh more than it exported, 0.6% of its demand.
How secure is Poland's energy supply?
Global Grid's energy security score for Poland is 67 out of 100 (moderate), 77th of 158 countries. It looks at how much of its own energy it produces, how varied its power sources are, its reliance on imported power and its use of low-carbon power, gas and oil.
Other countries in Europe
Sources: Ember yearly electricity data (CC BY 4.0), figures up to 2025; energy production and use by source from the Energy Institute Statistical Review via Our World in Data (CC BY 4.0), 2024; pipelines and LNG terminals from Global Energy Monitor's Global Oil Infrastructure Tracker (June 2026 release) and Global Gas Infrastructure Tracker (November 2025 release) (CC BY 4.0). Ember's latest-year figures are first estimates and may be revised. TWh: terawatt hours (one billion kWh).