Global GridItaly's energy mix and electricity
🇮🇹 In 2025, Italy generated 265 TWh of electricity. The largest source was gas at 47%, followed by solar (17%) and hydro (16%). In total, 49% came from low-carbon sources (nuclear and renewables) and 51% from fossil fuels.
On average, each kilowatt hour produced about 285 grams of carbon dioxide (CO₂), below the world average of 458 grams in 2025. That makes Italy the 58th cleanest of 158 countries that generate at least 1 TWh a year.
Electricity demand was 312 TWh. Italy imported 46.9 TWh more electricity than it exported, equal to 15% of its demand.
Since 2000, electricity generation has stayed about the same, from 270 TWh. The low-carbon share went from 19% to 49%. The biggest rise was in solar, from 0% to 17% of generation. The biggest fall was in oil and other fossil fuels, from 34% to 3%. Carbon intensity fell from 502 to 285 grams per kWh.
Live figures for Italy, updated about every hour, are on the live dashboard.
Energy mix in 2025
- Gas 47%
- Solar 17%
- Hydro 16%
- Wind 8.1%
- Bioenergy 5.9%
- Oil and other fossil fuels 2.5%
- Geothermal 2.1%
- Coal 1.4%
| Source | Share | Generated |
|---|---|---|
| Gas | 47% | 126 TWh |
| Solar | 17% | 44.5 TWh |
| Hydro | 16% | 41.6 TWh |
| Wind | 8.1% | 21.5 TWh |
| Bioenergy | 5.9% | 15.6 TWh |
| Oil and other fossil fuels | 2.5% | 6.63 TWh |
| Geothermal | 2.1% | 5.57 TWh |
| Coal | 1.4% | 3.71 TWh |
Total energy mix in 2024
Electricity is only part of the energy Italy uses: fuel for transport, heating and industry counts too. In 2024, Italy used 1,700 TWh of energy in all (primary energy). The largest source was oil at 42%, followed by gas (35%) and hydro (8%). Fossil fuels made up 79% and low-carbon sources (nuclear and renewables) 21%.
- Oil 42%
- Gas 35%
- Hydro 8%
- Solar 5.2%
- Other renewables 3.6%
- Wind 3.2%
- Coal 1.7%
- Biofuels 0.8%
| Source | Share of all energy |
|---|---|
| Oil | 42% |
| Gas | 35% |
| Hydro | 8% |
| Solar | 5.2% |
| Other renewables | 3.6% |
| Wind | 3.2% |
| Coal | 1.7% |
| Biofuels | 0.8% |
Primary energy, with nuclear and renewable electricity counted as the fuel a power station would need to make it (the "substitution method"). Here "other renewables" is the Energy Institute's "geothermal, biomass and other" power generation, and biofuels are liquid fuels such as ethanol and biodiesel. Source: Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy via Our World in Data (CC BY 4.0).
Energy security score
Moderate. Italy ranks 121st of 158 countries and 32nd of 39 in Europe. The score shows how well a country could keep electricity affordable and on if fuel supplies were disrupted.
| Measure | Score |
|---|---|
| Produces its own energy In 2024, Italy produced energy equal to 25% of all the energy it used (100% or more scores full marks). | 25 |
| Variety of power sources How evenly generation is spread across nine sources. The largest, gas, made 47%. | 80 |
| Little reliance on imported power Net imports were 15% of demand; each 1% takes off 2 points. | 70 |
| Low-carbon power Nuclear and renewables made 49% of generation. | 49 |
| Low gas and oil use Gas and oil made 50% of generation; the score is 100 minus that share. | 50 |
The five measures are weighted 30%, 20%, 20%, 15% and 15%. How the score works.
Oil and gas pipelines
Global Energy Monitor lists 12,799 km of oil and gas pipelines operating in Italy, 197 km being built and 1,884 km proposed (lengths measured along the mapped routes; a pipeline crossing borders counts in full for each country). For liquefied natural gas (LNG), shipped by sea, it lists 7 import terminals operating (4 more being built or proposed).
See them on the interactive map · Pipelines around the world
How it has changed
| Year | Generated | Low-carbon | Fossil | CO₂ g/kWh |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 270 TWh | 19% | 82% | 502 |
| 2005 | 295 TWh | 17% | 84% | 510 |
| 2010 | 297 TWh | 26% | 74% | 446 |
| 2015 | 280 TWh | 38% | 61% | 399 |
| 2020 | 277 TWh | 42% | 58% | 334 |
| 2024 | 268 TWh | 50% | 50% | 281 |
| 2025 | 265 TWh | 49% | 51% | 285 |
Questions about Italy's energy
What is Italy's energy mix?
In 2025, Italy's electricity came from gas 47%, solar 17%, hydro 16% and wind 8.1%. Counting all the energy it uses, including fuel for transport and heating, the mix in 2024 was oil 42%, gas 35%, hydro 8% and solar 5.2%.
How much of Italy's electricity is renewable?
49% of its electricity came from renewables in 2025 (solar 17%, hydro 16%, wind 8.1% and bioenergy 5.9%).
What is Italy's main source of electricity?
Gas, which made 47% of its electricity in 2025.
How clean is Italy's electricity?
About 285 grams of CO₂ for each kilowatt hour in 2025, below the world average of 458 grams. It ranks 58th cleanest of 158 countries that generate at least 1 TWh a year.
Does Italy import electricity?
Yes: in 2025 it imported 46.9 TWh more than it exported, 15% of its demand.
How secure is Italy's energy supply?
Global Grid's energy security score for Italy is 52 out of 100 (moderate), 121st of 158 countries. It looks at how much of its own energy it produces, how varied its power sources are, its reliance on imported power and its use of low-carbon power, gas and oil.
Other countries in Europe
Sources: Ember yearly electricity data (CC BY 4.0), figures up to 2025; energy production and use by source from the Energy Institute Statistical Review via Our World in Data (CC BY 4.0), 2024; pipelines and LNG terminals from Global Energy Monitor's Global Oil Infrastructure Tracker (June 2026 release) and Global Gas Infrastructure Tracker (November 2025 release) (CC BY 4.0). Ember's latest-year figures are first estimates and may be revised. TWh: terawatt hours (one billion kWh).