Global GridSpain's energy mix and electricity
🇪🇸 In 2025, Spain generated 288 TWh of electricity. The largest source was solar at 22%, followed by gas (22%) and wind (20%). In total, 75% came from low-carbon sources (nuclear and renewables) and 25% from fossil fuels.
On average, each kilowatt hour produced about 154 grams of carbon dioxide (CO₂), far below the world average of 458 grams in 2025. That makes Spain the 35th cleanest of 158 countries that generate at least 1 TWh a year.
Electricity demand was 275 TWh. Spain exported 12.8 TWh more electricity than it imported.
Since 2000, electricity generation has grown by 30%, from 221 TWh. The low-carbon share went from 44% to 74%. The biggest rise was in solar, from 0% to 22% of generation. The biggest fall was in coal, from 36% to 0%. Carbon intensity fell from 471 to 154 grams per kWh.
Live figures for Spain, updated about every hour, are on the live dashboard.
Energy mix in 2025
- Solar 22%
- Gas 22%
- Wind 20%
- Nuclear 19%
- Hydro 11%
- Oil and other fossil fuels 3.5%
- Bioenergy 2.2%
- Coal 0.3%
| Source | Share | Generated |
|---|---|---|
| Solar | 22% | 62.8 TWh |
| Gas | 22% | 62.2 TWh |
| Wind | 20% | 58.8 TWh |
| Nuclear | 19% | 54.1 TWh |
| Hydro | 11% | 32.8 TWh |
| Oil and other fossil fuels | 3.5% | 10.1 TWh |
| Bioenergy | 2.2% | 6.34 TWh |
| Coal | 0.3% | 0.86 TWh |
Total energy mix in 2024
Electricity is only part of the energy Spain uses: fuel for transport, heating and industry counts too. In 2024, Spain used 1,620 TWh of energy in all (primary energy). The largest source was oil at 46%, followed by gas (18%) and wind (9.6%). Fossil fuels made up 66% and low-carbon sources (nuclear and renewables) 34%.
- Oil 46%
- Gas 18%
- Wind 9.6%
- Solar 8.6%
- Nuclear 8.3%
- Hydro 5.3%
- Coal 1.7%
- Biofuels 1.3%
- Other renewables 1.2%
| Source | Share of all energy |
|---|---|
| Oil | 46% |
| Gas | 18% |
| Wind | 9.6% |
| Solar | 8.6% |
| Nuclear | 8.3% |
| Hydro | 5.3% |
| Coal | 1.7% |
| Biofuels | 1.3% |
| Other renewables | 1.2% |
Primary energy, with nuclear and renewable electricity counted as the fuel a power station would need to make it (the "substitution method"). Here "other renewables" is the Energy Institute's "geothermal, biomass and other" power generation, and biofuels are liquid fuels such as ethanol and biodiesel. Source: Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy via Our World in Data (CC BY 4.0).
Energy security score
Strong. Spain ranks 58th of 158 countries and 16th of 39 in Europe. The score shows how well a country could keep electricity affordable and on if fuel supplies were disrupted.
| Measure | Score |
|---|---|
| Produces its own energy In 2024, Spain produced energy equal to 34% of all the energy it used (100% or more scores full marks). | 34 |
| Variety of power sources How evenly generation is spread across nine sources. The largest, solar, made 22%. | 92 |
| Little reliance on imported power Spain exported more electricity than it imported, so it scores full marks. | 100 |
| Low-carbon power Nuclear and renewables made 75% of generation. | 75 |
| Low gas and oil use Gas and oil made 25% of generation; the score is 100 minus that share. | 75 |
The five measures are weighted 30%, 20%, 20%, 15% and 15%. How the score works.
Oil and gas pipelines
Global Energy Monitor lists 10,349 km of oil and gas pipelines operating in Spain, 0 km being built and 7,352 km proposed (lengths measured along the mapped routes; a pipeline crossing borders counts in full for each country). For liquefied natural gas (LNG), shipped by sea, it lists 7 import terminals operating (1 more being built or proposed).
See them on the interactive map · Pipelines around the world
How it has changed
| Year | Generated | Low-carbon | Fossil | CO₂ g/kWh |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 221 TWh | 44% | 56% | 471 |
| 2005 | 289 TWh | 34% | 65% | 475 |
| 2010 | 298 TWh | 53% | 47% | 288 |
| 2015 | 277 TWh | 56% | 45% | 329 |
| 2020 | 259 TWh | 67% | 34% | 199 |
| 2024 | 281 TWh | 76% | 24% | 146 |
| 2025 | 288 TWh | 74% | 26% | 154 |
Questions about Spain's energy
What is Spain's energy mix?
In 2025, Spain's electricity came from solar 22%, gas 22%, wind 20% and nuclear 19%. Counting all the energy it uses, including fuel for transport and heating, the mix in 2024 was oil 46%, gas 18%, wind 9.6% and solar 8.6%.
How much of Spain's electricity is renewable?
56% of its electricity came from renewables in 2025 (solar 22%, wind 20%, hydro 11% and bioenergy 2.2%). Including nuclear power, 75% of its electricity was low-carbon.
What is Spain's main source of electricity?
Solar, which made 22% of its electricity in 2025.
How clean is Spain's electricity?
About 154 grams of CO₂ for each kilowatt hour in 2025, far below the world average of 458 grams. It ranks 35th cleanest of 158 countries that generate at least 1 TWh a year.
Does Spain import electricity?
It is a net exporter: in 2025 it exported 12.8 TWh more electricity than it imported.
How secure is Spain's energy supply?
Global Grid's energy security score for Spain is 71 out of 100 (strong), 58th of 158 countries. It looks at how much of its own energy it produces, how varied its power sources are, its reliance on imported power and its use of low-carbon power, gas and oil.
Other countries in Europe
Sources: Ember yearly electricity data (CC BY 4.0), figures up to 2025; energy production and use by source from the Energy Institute Statistical Review via Our World in Data (CC BY 4.0), 2024; pipelines and LNG terminals from Global Energy Monitor's Global Oil Infrastructure Tracker (June 2026 release) and Global Gas Infrastructure Tracker (November 2025 release) (CC BY 4.0). Ember's latest-year figures are first estimates and may be revised. TWh: terawatt hours (one billion kWh).