Global GridGermany's energy mix and electricity
🇩🇪 In 2025, Germany generated 500 TWh of electricity. The largest source was wind at 27%, followed by coal (21%) and solar (18%). In total, 59% came from low-carbon sources (nuclear and renewables) and 41% from fossil fuels.
On average, each kilowatt hour produced about 330 grams of carbon dioxide (CO₂), below the world average of 458 grams in 2025. That makes Germany the 69th cleanest of 158 countries that generate at least 1 TWh a year.
Electricity demand was 520 TWh. Germany imported 19.5 TWh more electricity than it exported, equal to 3.8% of its demand.
Since 2000, electricity generation has fallen by 12%, from 569 TWh. The low-carbon share went from 37% to 59%. The biggest rise was in wind, from 2% to 27% of generation. The biggest fall was in coal, from 52% to 21%. Carbon intensity fell from 573 to 330 grams per kWh.
Live figures for Germany, updated about every hour, are on the live dashboard.
NeuConnect (1,400 MW), a cable to Great Britain, is being built from Germany, due in 2028. See every UK interconnector.
Energy mix in 2025
- Wind 27%
- Coal 21%
- Solar 18%
- Gas 17%
- Bioenergy 10%
- Hydro 3.9%
- Oil and other fossil fuels 3.8%
| Source | Share | Generated |
|---|---|---|
| Wind | 27% | 136 TWh |
| Coal | 21% | 103 TWh |
| Solar | 18% | 89.5 TWh |
| Gas | 17% | 82.5 TWh |
| Bioenergy | 10% | 50.5 TWh |
| Hydro | 3.9% | 19.5 TWh |
| Oil and other fossil fuels | 3.8% | 19.0 TWh |
Total energy mix in 2024
Electricity is only part of the energy Germany uses: fuel for transport, heating and industry counts too. In 2024, Germany used 3,200 TWh of energy in all (primary energy). The largest source was oil at 37%, followed by gas (25%) and coal (14%). Fossil fuels made up 76% and low-carbon sources (nuclear and renewables) 24%.
- Oil 37%
- Gas 25%
- Coal 14%
- Wind 11%
- Solar 5.7%
- Other renewables 4.8%
- Hydro 1.7%
- Biofuels 1%
| Source | Share of all energy |
|---|---|
| Oil | 37% |
| Gas | 25% |
| Coal | 14% |
| Wind | 11% |
| Solar | 5.7% |
| Other renewables | 4.8% |
| Hydro | 1.7% |
| Biofuels | 1% |
Primary energy, with nuclear and renewable electricity counted as the fuel a power station would need to make it (the "substitution method"). Here "other renewables" is the Energy Institute's "geothermal, biomass and other" power generation, and biofuels are liquid fuels such as ethanol and biodiesel. Source: Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy via Our World in Data (CC BY 4.0).
Energy security score
Moderate. Germany ranks 76th of 158 countries and 21st of 39 in Europe. The score shows how well a country could keep electricity affordable and on if fuel supplies were disrupted.
| Measure | Score |
|---|---|
| Produces its own energy In 2024, Germany produced energy equal to 32% of all the energy it used (100% or more scores full marks). | 32 |
| Variety of power sources How evenly generation is spread across nine sources. The largest, wind, made 27%. | 91 |
| Little reliance on imported power Net imports were 3.8% of demand; each 1% takes off 2 points. | 93 |
| Low-carbon power Nuclear and renewables made 59% of generation. | 59 |
| Low gas and oil use Gas and oil made 20% of generation; the score is 100 minus that share. | 80 |
The five measures are weighted 30%, 20%, 20%, 15% and 15%. How the score works.
Oil and gas pipelines
Global Energy Monitor lists 21,608 km of oil and gas pipelines operating in Germany, 285 km being built and 474 km proposed (lengths measured along the mapped routes; a pipeline crossing borders counts in full for each country). For liquefied natural gas (LNG), shipped by sea, it lists 4 import terminals operating (9 more being built or proposed).
See them on the interactive map · Pipelines around the world
How it has changed
| Year | Generated | Low-carbon | Fossil | CO₂ g/kWh |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 569 TWh | 37% | 64% | 573 |
| 2005 | 613 TWh | 37% | 63% | 546 |
| 2010 | 624 TWh | 39% | 60% | 517 |
| 2015 | 639 TWh | 44% | 57% | 504 |
| 2020 | 567 TWh | 55% | 45% | 356 |
| 2024 | 496 TWh | 59% | 41% | 337 |
| 2025 | 500 TWh | 59% | 42% | 330 |
Questions about Germany's energy
What is Germany's energy mix?
In 2025, Germany's electricity came from wind 27%, coal 21%, solar 18% and gas 17%. Counting all the energy it uses, including fuel for transport and heating, the mix in 2024 was oil 37%, gas 25%, coal 14% and wind 11%.
How much of Germany's electricity is renewable?
59% of its electricity came from renewables in 2025 (wind 27%, solar 18%, bioenergy 10% and hydro 3.9%).
What is Germany's main source of electricity?
Wind, which made 27% of its electricity in 2025.
How clean is Germany's electricity?
About 330 grams of CO₂ for each kilowatt hour in 2025, below the world average of 458 grams. It ranks 69th cleanest of 158 countries that generate at least 1 TWh a year.
Does Germany import electricity?
Yes: in 2025 it imported 19.5 TWh more than it exported, 3.8% of its demand.
How secure is Germany's energy supply?
Global Grid's energy security score for Germany is 67 out of 100 (moderate), 76th of 158 countries. It looks at how much of its own energy it produces, how varied its power sources are, its reliance on imported power and its use of low-carbon power, gas and oil.
Other countries in Europe
Sources: Ember yearly electricity data (CC BY 4.0), figures up to 2025; energy production and use by source from the Energy Institute Statistical Review via Our World in Data (CC BY 4.0), 2024; pipelines and LNG terminals from Global Energy Monitor's Global Oil Infrastructure Tracker (June 2026 release) and Global Gas Infrastructure Tracker (November 2025 release) (CC BY 4.0). Ember's latest-year figures are first estimates and may be revised. TWh: terawatt hours (one billion kWh).