Global GridRussia's energy mix and electricity
🇷🇺 In 2025, Russia generated 1,190 TWh of electricity. The largest source was gas at 45%, followed by coal (18%) and nuclear (18%). In total, 36% came from low-carbon sources (nuclear and renewables) and 64% from fossil fuels.
On average, each kilowatt hour produced about 450 grams of carbon dioxide (CO₂), close to the world average of 458 grams in 2025. That makes Russia the 83rd cleanest of 158 countries that generate at least 1 TWh a year.
Electricity demand was 1,180 TWh. Russia exported 16.7 TWh more electricity than it imported.
Since 2000, electricity generation has grown by 36%, from 878 TWh. The low-carbon share went from 34% to 35%. The biggest rise was in gas, from 42% to 45% of generation. The biggest fall was in oil and other fossil fuels, from 4% to 1%. Carbon intensity fell from 470 to 450 grams per kWh.
Live, hour-by-hour figures for Russia are not connected yet. The dashboard shows its yearly figures, energy mix since 2000 and interconnector trade.
Energy mix in 2025
- Gas 45%
- Coal 18%
- Nuclear 18%
- Hydro 17%
- Oil and other fossil fuels 1.2%
- Wind 0.3%
- Solar 0.2%
- Bioenergy 0.1%
| Source | Share | Generated |
|---|---|---|
| Gas | 45% | 532 TWh |
| Coal | 18% | 219 TWh |
| Nuclear | 18% | 218 TWh |
| Hydro | 17% | 199 TWh |
| Oil and other fossil fuels | 1.2% | 14.3 TWh |
| Wind | 0.3% | 3.57 TWh |
| Solar | 0.2% | 2.38 TWh |
| Bioenergy | 0.1% | 1.19 TWh |
Total energy mix in 2024
Electricity is only part of the energy Russia uses: fuel for transport, heating and industry counts too. In 2024, Russia used 9,050 TWh of energy in all (primary energy). The largest source was gas at 53%, followed by oil (24%) and coal (12%). Fossil fuels made up 88% and low-carbon sources (nuclear and renewables) 12%.
- Gas 53%
- Oil 24%
- Coal 12%
- Nuclear 5.8%
- Hydro 5.7%
- Wind 0.1%
- Solar 0.1%
- Biofuels 0.1%
| Source | Share of all energy |
|---|---|
| Gas | 53% |
| Oil | 24% |
| Coal | 12% |
| Nuclear | 5.8% |
| Hydro | 5.7% |
| Wind | 0.1% |
| Solar | 0.1% |
| Biofuels | 0.1% |
Primary energy, with nuclear and renewable electricity counted as the fuel a power station would need to make it (the "substitution method"). Here "other renewables" is the Energy Institute's "geothermal, biomass and other" power generation, and biofuels are liquid fuels such as ethanol and biodiesel. Source: Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy via Our World in Data (CC BY 4.0).
About these figures
- Crimea, annexed by Russia in 2014, is internationally recognised as part of Ukraine (UN General Assembly resolution 68/262). The maps draw it striped, separately from Russia, and colour it by neither country's figures.
Energy security score
Strong. Russia ranks 23rd of 158 countries and 7th of 39 in Europe. The score shows how well a country could keep electricity affordable and on if fuel supplies were disrupted.
| Measure | Score |
|---|---|
| Produces its own energy In 2024, Russia produced energy equal to 177% of all the energy it used (100% or more scores full marks). | 100 |
| Variety of power sources How evenly generation is spread across nine sources. The largest, gas, made 45%. | 79 |
| Little reliance on imported power Russia exported more electricity than it imported, so it scores full marks. | 100 |
| Low-carbon power Nuclear and renewables made 36% of generation. | 36 |
| Low gas and oil use Gas and oil made 46% of generation; the score is 100 minus that share. | 54 |
The five measures are weighted 30%, 20%, 20%, 15% and 15%. How the score works.
Oil and gas pipelines
Global Energy Monitor lists 193,635 km of oil and gas pipelines operating in Russia, 9,755 km being built and 19,248 km proposed (lengths measured along the mapped routes; a pipeline crossing borders counts in full for each country). For liquefied natural gas (LNG), shipped by sea, it lists 11 export terminals operating (25 more being built or proposed).
See them on the interactive map · Pipelines around the world
How it has changed
| Year | Generated | Low-carbon | Fossil | CO₂ g/kWh |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 878 TWh | 34% | 66% | 470 |
| 2005 | 954 TWh | 34% | 66% | 457 |
| 2010 | 1,040 TWh | 32% | 67% | 458 |
| 2015 | 1,070 TWh | 34% | 66% | 444 |
| 2020 | 1,090 TWh | 40% | 60% | 418 |
| 2024 | 1,210 TWh | 35% | 64% | 446 |
| 2025 | 1,190 TWh | 35% | 64% | 450 |
Questions about Russia's energy
What is Russia's energy mix?
In 2025, Russia's electricity came from gas 45%, coal 18%, nuclear 18% and hydro 17%. Counting all the energy it uses, including fuel for transport and heating, the mix in 2024 was gas 53%, oil 24%, coal 12% and nuclear 5.8%.
How much of Russia's electricity is renewable?
17% of its electricity came from renewables in 2025 (hydro 17%). Including nuclear power, 36% of its electricity was low-carbon.
What is Russia's main source of electricity?
Gas, which made 45% of its electricity in 2025.
How clean is Russia's electricity?
About 450 grams of CO₂ for each kilowatt hour in 2025, close to the world average of 458 grams. It ranks 83rd cleanest of 158 countries that generate at least 1 TWh a year.
Does Russia import electricity?
It is a net exporter: in 2025 it exported 16.7 TWh more electricity than it imported.
How secure is Russia's energy supply?
Global Grid's energy security score for Russia is 79 out of 100 (strong), 23rd of 158 countries. It looks at how much of its own energy it produces, how varied its power sources are, its reliance on imported power and its use of low-carbon power, gas and oil.
Other countries in Europe
Sources: Ember yearly electricity data (CC BY 4.0), figures up to 2025; energy production and use by source from the Energy Institute Statistical Review via Our World in Data (CC BY 4.0), 2024; pipelines and LNG terminals from Global Energy Monitor's Global Oil Infrastructure Tracker (June 2026 release) and Global Gas Infrastructure Tracker (November 2025 release) (CC BY 4.0). Ember's latest-year figures are first estimates and may be revised. TWh: terawatt hours (one billion kWh).