Global GridCroatia's energy mix and electricity
🇭🇷 In 2025, Croatia generated 14.7 TWh of electricity. The largest source was hydro at 39%, followed by wind (21%) and gas (19%). In total, 76% came from low-carbon sources (nuclear and renewables) and 24% from fossil fuels.
On average, each kilowatt hour produced about 159 grams of carbon dioxide (CO₂), far below the world average of 458 grams in 2025. That makes Croatia the 37th cleanest of 158 countries that generate at least 1 TWh a year.
Electricity demand was 20.0 TWh. Croatia imported 5.32 TWh more electricity than it exported, equal to 27% of its demand.
Since 2000, electricity generation has grown by 31%, from 11.2 TWh. The low-carbon share went from 58% to 76%. The biggest rise was in wind, from 0% to 21% of generation. The biggest fall was in hydro, from 58% to 39%. Carbon intensity fell from 302 to 159 grams per kWh.
Live, hour-by-hour figures for Croatia are not connected yet. The dashboard shows its yearly figures, energy mix since 2000 and interconnector trade.
Energy mix in 2025
- Hydro 39%
- Wind 21%
- Gas 19%
- Solar 8.8%
- Bioenergy 6.8%
- Coal 5%
| Source | Share | Generated |
|---|---|---|
| Hydro | 39% | 5.78 TWh |
| Wind | 21% | 3.15 TWh |
| Gas | 19% | 2.76 TWh |
| Solar | 8.8% | 1.29 TWh |
| Bioenergy | 6.8% | 1.00 TWh |
| Coal | 5% | 0.74 TWh |
Total energy mix in 2024
Electricity is only part of the energy Croatia uses: fuel for transport, heating and industry counts too. In 2024, Croatia used 103 TWh of energy in all (primary energy). The largest source was oil at 46%, followed by gas (23%) and hydro (16%). Fossil fuels made up 72% and low-carbon sources (nuclear and renewables) 28%.
- Oil 46%
- Gas 23%
- Hydro 16%
- Wind 6.4%
- Other renewables 3.1%
- Coal 2.6%
- Solar 2%
| Source | Share of all energy |
|---|---|
| Oil | 46% |
| Gas | 23% |
| Hydro | 16% |
| Wind | 6.4% |
| Other renewables | 3.1% |
| Coal | 2.6% |
| Solar | 2% |
Primary energy, with nuclear and renewable electricity counted as the fuel a power station would need to make it (the "substitution method"). Here "other renewables" is the Energy Institute's "geothermal, biomass and other" power generation, and biofuels are liquid fuels such as ethanol and biodiesel. Source: Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy via Our World in Data (CC BY 4.0).
Energy security score
Moderate. Croatia ranks 99th of 158 countries and 29th of 39 in Europe. The score shows how well a country could keep electricity affordable and on if fuel supplies were disrupted.
| Measure | Score |
|---|---|
| Produces its own energy In 2024, Croatia produced energy equal to 27% of all the energy it used (100% or more scores full marks). | 27 |
| Variety of power sources How evenly generation is spread across nine sources. The largest, hydro, made 39%. | 84 |
| Little reliance on imported power Net imports were 27% of demand; each 1% takes off 2 points. | 47 |
| Low-carbon power Nuclear and renewables made 76% of generation. | 76 |
| Low gas and oil use Gas and oil made 19% of generation; the score is 100 minus that share. | 81 |
The five measures are weighted 30%, 20%, 20%, 15% and 15%. How the score works.
Oil and gas pipelines
Global Energy Monitor lists 2,610 km of oil and gas pipelines operating in Croatia, 0 km being built and 920 km proposed (lengths measured along the mapped routes; a pipeline crossing borders counts in full for each country). For liquefied natural gas (LNG), shipped by sea, it lists 2 import terminals operating (2 more being built or proposed).
See them on the interactive map · Pipelines around the world
How it has changed
| Year | Generated | Low-carbon | Fossil | CO₂ g/kWh |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 11.2 TWh | 58% | 43% | 302 |
| 2005 | 13.1 TWh | 54% | 46% | 336 |
| 2010 | 14.8 TWh | 63% | 37% | 268 |
| 2015 | 11.2 TWh | 67% | 34% | 275 |
| 2020 | 13.2 TWh | 65% | 35% | 227 |
| 2024 | 15.3 TWh | 74% | 26% | 171 |
| 2025 | 14.7 TWh | 76% | 24% | 159 |
Questions about Croatia's energy
What is Croatia's energy mix?
In 2025, Croatia's electricity came from hydro 39%, wind 21%, gas 19% and solar 8.8%. Counting all the energy it uses, including fuel for transport and heating, the mix in 2024 was oil 46%, gas 23%, hydro 16% and wind 6.4%.
How much of Croatia's electricity is renewable?
76% of its electricity came from renewables in 2025 (hydro 39%, wind 21%, solar 8.8% and bioenergy 6.8%).
What is Croatia's main source of electricity?
Hydro, which made 39% of its electricity in 2025.
How clean is Croatia's electricity?
About 159 grams of CO₂ for each kilowatt hour in 2025, far below the world average of 458 grams. It ranks 37th cleanest of 158 countries that generate at least 1 TWh a year.
Does Croatia import electricity?
Yes: in 2025 it imported 5.32 TWh more than it exported, 27% of its demand.
How secure is Croatia's energy supply?
Global Grid's energy security score for Croatia is 58 out of 100 (moderate), 99th of 158 countries. It looks at how much of its own energy it produces, how varied its power sources are, its reliance on imported power and its use of low-carbon power, gas and oil.
Other countries in Europe
Sources: Ember yearly electricity data (CC BY 4.0), figures up to 2025; energy production and use by source from the Energy Institute Statistical Review via Our World in Data (CC BY 4.0), 2024; pipelines and LNG terminals from Global Energy Monitor's Global Oil Infrastructure Tracker (June 2026 release) and Global Gas Infrastructure Tracker (November 2025 release) (CC BY 4.0). Ember's latest-year figures are first estimates and may be revised. TWh: terawatt hours (one billion kWh).