Global GridHong Kong's energy mix and electricity
🇭🇰 In 2024, Hong Kong generated 37.4 TWh of electricity. The largest source was gas at 64%, followed by coal (34%) and oil and other fossil fuels (1.2%). In total, 1% came from low-carbon sources (nuclear and renewables) and 99% from fossil fuels.
On average, each kilowatt hour produced about 675 grams of carbon dioxide (CO₂), above the world average of 458 grams in 2025. That makes Hong Kong the 140th cleanest of 158 countries that generate at least 1 TWh a year.
Electricity demand was 48.8 TWh. Hong Kong imported 11.4 TWh more electricity than it exported, equal to 23% of its demand.
Since 2000, electricity generation has grown by 19%, from 31.3 TWh. The low-carbon share went from 0% to 1%. The biggest rise was in gas, from 39% to 64% of generation. The biggest fall was in coal, from 60% to 34%. Carbon intensity fell from 792 to 675 grams per kWh.
Live, hour-by-hour figures for Hong Kong are not connected yet. The dashboard shows its yearly figures, energy mix since 2000 and interconnector trade.
Energy mix in 2024
- Gas 64%
- Coal 34%
- Oil and other fossil fuels 1.2%
- Solar 0.6%
- Bioenergy 0.4%
| Source | Share | Generated |
|---|---|---|
| Gas | 64% | 24.0 TWh |
| Coal | 34% | 12.6 TWh |
| Oil and other fossil fuels | 1.2% | 0.45 TWh |
| Solar | 0.6% | 0.22 TWh |
| Bioenergy | 0.4% | 0.15 TWh |
Total energy mix in 2024
Electricity is only part of the energy Hong Kong uses: fuel for transport, heating and industry counts too. In 2024, Hong Kong used 273 TWh of energy in all (primary energy). The largest source was oil at 66%, followed by gas (20%) and coal (13%). Fossil fuels made up 99% and low-carbon sources (nuclear and renewables) 1.1%.
- Oil 66%
- Gas 20%
- Coal 13%
- Biofuels 0.6%
- Solar 0.3%
- Other renewables 0.2%
| Source | Share of all energy |
|---|---|
| Oil | 66% |
| Gas | 20% |
| Coal | 13% |
| Biofuels | 0.6% |
| Solar | 0.3% |
| Other renewables | 0.2% |
Primary energy, with nuclear and renewable electricity counted as the fuel a power station would need to make it (the "substitution method"). Here "other renewables" is the Energy Institute's "geothermal, biomass and other" power generation, and biofuels are liquid fuels such as ethanol and biodiesel. Source: Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy via Our World in Data (CC BY 4.0).
Energy security score
Vulnerable. Hong Kong ranks 154th of 158 countries and 45th of 46 in Asia. The score shows how well a country could keep electricity affordable and on if fuel supplies were disrupted.
| Measure | Score |
|---|---|
| Produces its own energy In 2024, Hong Kong produced energy equal to 1% of all the energy it used (100% or more scores full marks). | 1 |
| Variety of power sources How evenly generation is spread across nine sources. The largest, gas, made 64%. | 53 |
| Little reliance on imported power Net imports were 23% of demand; each 1% takes off 2 points. | 53 |
| Low-carbon power Nuclear and renewables made 1% of generation. | 1 |
| Low gas and oil use Gas and oil made 65% of generation; the score is 100 minus that share. | 35 |
The five measures are weighted 30%, 20%, 20%, 15% and 15%. How the score works.
Oil and gas pipelines
Global Energy Monitor lists 707 km of oil and gas pipelines operating in Hong Kong, 0 km being built and 0 km proposed (lengths measured along the mapped routes; a pipeline crossing borders counts in full for each country). For liquefied natural gas (LNG), shipped by sea, it lists 1 import terminal operating (0 more being built or proposed).
See them on the interactive map · Pipelines around the world
How it has changed
| Year | Generated | Low-carbon | Fossil | CO₂ g/kWh |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 31.3 TWh | 0% | 100% | 792 |
| 2005 | 38.4 TWh | 0% | 99% | 835 |
| 2010 | 38.2 TWh | 0% | 99% | 800 |
| 2015 | 37.9 TWh | 0% | 101% | 815 |
| 2020 | 34.4 TWh | 0% | 100% | 684 |
| 2023 | 37.8 TWh | 1% | 99% | 674 |
| 2024 | 37.4 TWh | 1% | 99% | 675 |
Questions about Hong Kong's energy
What is Hong Kong's energy mix?
In 2024, Hong Kong's electricity came from gas 64%, coal 34%, oil and other fossil fuels 1.2% and solar 0.6%. Counting all the energy it uses, including fuel for transport and heating, the mix in 2024 was oil 66%, gas 20%, coal 13% and biofuels 0.6%.
How much of Hong Kong's electricity is renewable?
1% of its electricity came from renewables in 2024 (solar 0.6%).
What is Hong Kong's main source of electricity?
Gas, which made 64% of its electricity in 2024.
How clean is Hong Kong's electricity?
About 675 grams of CO₂ for each kilowatt hour in 2024, above the world average of 458 grams. It ranks 140th cleanest of 158 countries that generate at least 1 TWh a year.
Does Hong Kong import electricity?
Yes: in 2024 it imported 11.4 TWh more than it exported, 23% of its demand.
How secure is Hong Kong's energy supply?
Global Grid's energy security score for Hong Kong is 27 out of 100 (vulnerable), 154th of 158 countries. It looks at how much of its own energy it produces, how varied its power sources are, its reliance on imported power and its use of low-carbon power, gas and oil.
Other countries in Asia
Sources: Ember yearly electricity data (CC BY 4.0), figures up to 2024; energy production and use by source from the Energy Institute Statistical Review via Our World in Data (CC BY 4.0), 2024; pipelines and LNG terminals from Global Energy Monitor's Global Oil Infrastructure Tracker (June 2026 release) and Global Gas Infrastructure Tracker (November 2025 release) (CC BY 4.0). Ember's latest-year figures are first estimates and may be revised. TWh: terawatt hours (one billion kWh).