Global GridThailand's energy mix and electricity
🇹🇭 In 2025, Thailand generated 188 TWh of electricity. The largest source was gas at 66%, followed by coal (18%) and bioenergy (5.4%). In total, 17% came from low-carbon sources (nuclear and renewables) and 83% from fossil fuels.
On average, each kilowatt hour produced about 546 grams of carbon dioxide (CO₂), above the world average of 458 grams in 2025. That makes Thailand the 111th cleanest of 158 countries that generate at least 1 TWh a year.
Electricity demand was 225 TWh. Thailand imported 36.9 TWh more electricity than it exported, equal to 16% of its demand.
Since 2000, electricity generation has grown by 97%, from 95.5 TWh. The low-carbon share went from 7% to 16%. The biggest rise was in solar, from 0% to 5% of generation. The biggest fall was in oil and other fossil fuels, from 10% to 0%. Carbon intensity fell from 608 to 546 grams per kWh.
Live, hour-by-hour figures for Thailand are not connected yet. The dashboard shows its yearly figures, energy mix since 2000 and interconnector trade.
Energy mix in 2025
- Gas 66%
- Coal 18%
- Bioenergy 5.4%
- Solar 5.3%
- Hydro 4%
- Wind 1.8%
- Oil and other fossil fuels 0.1%
| Source | Share | Generated |
|---|---|---|
| Gas | 66% | 123 TWh |
| Coal | 18% | 33.5 TWh |
| Bioenergy | 5.4% | 10.2 TWh |
| Solar | 5.3% | 9.96 TWh |
| Hydro | 4% | 7.52 TWh |
| Wind | 1.8% | 3.38 TWh |
| Oil and other fossil fuels | 0.1% | 0.19 TWh |
Total energy mix in 2024
Electricity is only part of the energy Thailand uses: fuel for transport, heating and industry counts too. In 2024, Thailand used 1,420 TWh of energy in all (primary energy). The largest source was oil at 47%, followed by gas (34%) and coal (12%). Fossil fuels made up 93% and low-carbon sources (nuclear and renewables) 7.4%.
- Oil 47%
- Gas 34%
- Coal 12%
- Other renewables 3.2%
- Biofuels 1.6%
- Hydro 1.1%
- Solar 0.9%
- Wind 0.6%
| Source | Share of all energy |
|---|---|
| Oil | 47% |
| Gas | 34% |
| Coal | 12% |
| Other renewables | 3.2% |
| Biofuels | 1.6% |
| Hydro | 1.1% |
| Solar | 0.9% |
| Wind | 0.6% |
Primary energy, with nuclear and renewable electricity counted as the fuel a power station would need to make it (the "substitution method"). Here "other renewables" is the Energy Institute's "geothermal, biomass and other" power generation, and biofuels are liquid fuels such as ethanol and biodiesel. Source: Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy via Our World in Data (CC BY 4.0).
Energy security score
Vulnerable. Thailand ranks 138th of 158 countries and 39th of 46 in Asia. The score shows how well a country could keep electricity affordable and on if fuel supplies were disrupted.
| Measure | Score |
|---|---|
| Produces its own energy In 2024, Thailand produced energy equal to 40% of all the energy it used (100% or more scores full marks). | 40 |
| Variety of power sources How evenly generation is spread across nine sources. The largest, gas, made 66%. | 60 |
| Little reliance on imported power Net imports were 16% of demand; each 1% takes off 2 points. | 67 |
| Low-carbon power Nuclear and renewables made 17% of generation. | 17 |
| Low gas and oil use Gas and oil made 66% of generation; the score is 100 minus that share. | 34 |
The five measures are weighted 30%, 20%, 20%, 15% and 15%. How the score works.
Oil and gas pipelines
Global Energy Monitor lists 5,591 km of oil and gas pipelines operating in Thailand, 0 km being built and 0 km proposed (lengths measured along the mapped routes; a pipeline crossing borders counts in full for each country). For liquefied natural gas (LNG), shipped by sea, it lists 3 import terminals operating (2 more being built or proposed).
See them on the interactive map · Pipelines around the world
How it has changed
| Year | Generated | Low-carbon | Fossil | CO₂ g/kWh |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 95.5 TWh | 7% | 93% | 608 |
| 2005 | 130 TWh | 5% | 94% | 601 |
| 2010 | 158 TWh | 5% | 94% | 606 |
| 2015 | 178 TWh | 7% | 92% | 598 |
| 2020 | 176 TWh | 15% | 86% | 571 |
| 2024 | 200 TWh | 15% | 85% | 555 |
| 2025 | 188 TWh | 16% | 84% | 546 |
Questions about Thailand's energy
What is Thailand's energy mix?
In 2025, Thailand's electricity came from gas 66%, coal 18%, bioenergy 5.4% and solar 5.3%. Counting all the energy it uses, including fuel for transport and heating, the mix in 2024 was oil 47%, gas 34%, coal 12% and other renewables 3.2%.
How much of Thailand's electricity is renewable?
17% of its electricity came from renewables in 2025 (bioenergy 5.4%, solar 5.3%, hydro 4% and wind 1.8%).
What is Thailand's main source of electricity?
Gas, which made 66% of its electricity in 2025.
How clean is Thailand's electricity?
About 546 grams of CO₂ for each kilowatt hour in 2025, above the world average of 458 grams. It ranks 111th cleanest of 158 countries that generate at least 1 TWh a year.
Does Thailand import electricity?
Yes: in 2025 it imported 36.9 TWh more than it exported, 16% of its demand.
How secure is Thailand's energy supply?
Global Grid's energy security score for Thailand is 45 out of 100 (vulnerable), 138th of 158 countries. It looks at how much of its own energy it produces, how varied its power sources are, its reliance on imported power and its use of low-carbon power, gas and oil.
Other countries in Asia
Sources: Ember yearly electricity data (CC BY 4.0), figures up to 2025; energy production and use by source from the Energy Institute Statistical Review via Our World in Data (CC BY 4.0), 2024; pipelines and LNG terminals from Global Energy Monitor's Global Oil Infrastructure Tracker (June 2026 release) and Global Gas Infrastructure Tracker (November 2025 release) (CC BY 4.0). Ember's latest-year figures are first estimates and may be revised. TWh: terawatt hours (one billion kWh).