Global GridKazakhstan's energy mix and electricity
🇰🇿 In 2025, Kazakhstan generated 124 TWh of electricity. The largest source was coal at 54%, followed by gas (29%) and hydro (8.5%). In total, 15% came from low-carbon sources (nuclear and renewables) and 85% from fossil fuels.
On average, each kilowatt hour produced about 805 grams of carbon dioxide (CO₂), far above the world average of 458 grams in 2025. That makes Kazakhstan the 150th cleanest of 158 countries that generate at least 1 TWh a year.
Electricity demand was 126 TWh. Kazakhstan imported 2.41 TWh more electricity than it exported, equal to 1.9% of its demand.
Since 2000, electricity generation has grown by 140%, from 51.6 TWh. The low-carbon share went from 15% to 16%. The biggest rise was in gas, from 11% to 29% of generation. The biggest fall was in coal, from 70% to 54%. Carbon intensity rose from 781 to 805 grams per kWh.
Live, hour-by-hour figures for Kazakhstan are not connected yet. The dashboard shows its yearly figures, energy mix since 2000 and interconnector trade.
Energy mix in 2025
- Coal 54%
- Gas 29%
- Hydro 8.5%
- Wind 4.7%
- Solar 1.6%
- Oil and other fossil fuels 1.5%
| Source | Share | Generated |
|---|---|---|
| Coal | 54% | 67.3 TWh |
| Gas | 29% | 36.5 TWh |
| Hydro | 8.5% | 10.5 TWh |
| Wind | 4.7% | 5.83 TWh |
| Solar | 1.6% | 1.98 TWh |
| Oil and other fossil fuels | 1.5% | 1.86 TWh |
Total energy mix in 2024
Electricity is only part of the energy Kazakhstan uses: fuel for transport, heating and industry counts too. In 2024, Kazakhstan used 862 TWh of energy in all (primary energy). The largest source was coal at 48%, followed by gas (24%) and oil (22%). Fossil fuels made up 95% and low-carbon sources (nuclear and renewables) 5.1%.
- Coal 48%
- Gas 24%
- Oil 22%
- Hydro 3.2%
- Wind 1.4%
- Solar 0.5%
| Source | Share of all energy |
|---|---|
| Coal | 48% |
| Gas | 24% |
| Oil | 22% |
| Hydro | 3.2% |
| Wind | 1.4% |
| Solar | 0.5% |
Primary energy, with nuclear and renewable electricity counted as the fuel a power station would need to make it (the "substitution method"). Here "other renewables" is the Energy Institute's "geothermal, biomass and other" power generation, and biofuels are liquid fuels such as ethanol and biodiesel. Source: Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy via Our World in Data (CC BY 4.0).
Energy security score
Strong. Kazakhstan ranks 34th of 158 countries and 7th of 46 in Asia. The score shows how well a country could keep electricity affordable and on if fuel supplies were disrupted.
| Measure | Score |
|---|---|
| Produces its own energy In 2024, Kazakhstan produced energy equal to 220% of all the energy it used (100% or more scores full marks). | 100 |
| Variety of power sources How evenly generation is spread across nine sources. The largest, coal, made 54%. | 68 |
| Little reliance on imported power Net imports were 1.9% of demand; each 1% takes off 2 points. | 96 |
| Low-carbon power Nuclear and renewables made 15% of generation. | 15 |
| Low gas and oil use Gas and oil made 31% of generation; the score is 100 minus that share. | 69 |
The five measures are weighted 30%, 20%, 20%, 15% and 15%. How the score works.
Oil and gas pipelines
Global Energy Monitor lists 42,259 km of oil and gas pipelines operating in Kazakhstan, 1,898 km being built and 5,424 km proposed (lengths measured along the mapped routes; a pipeline crossing borders counts in full for each country).
See them on the interactive map · Pipelines around the world
How it has changed
| Year | Generated | Low-carbon | Fossil | CO₂ g/kWh |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 51.6 TWh | 15% | 86% | 781 |
| 2005 | 67.9 TWh | 12% | 89% | 812 |
| 2010 | 82.7 TWh | 10% | 91% | 836 |
| 2015 | 91.7 TWh | 10% | 91% | 836 |
| 2020 | 109 TWh | 11% | 90% | 836 |
| 2024 | 119 TWh | 16% | 85% | 802 |
| 2025 | 124 TWh | 16% | 85% | 805 |
Questions about Kazakhstan's energy
What is Kazakhstan's energy mix?
In 2025, Kazakhstan's electricity came from coal 54%, gas 29%, hydro 8.5% and wind 4.7%. Counting all the energy it uses, including fuel for transport and heating, the mix in 2024 was coal 48%, gas 24%, oil 22% and hydro 3.2%.
How much of Kazakhstan's electricity is renewable?
15% of its electricity came from renewables in 2025 (hydro 8.5%, wind 4.7% and solar 1.6%).
What is Kazakhstan's main source of electricity?
Coal, which made 54% of its electricity in 2025.
How clean is Kazakhstan's electricity?
About 805 grams of CO₂ for each kilowatt hour in 2025, far above the world average of 458 grams. It ranks 150th cleanest of 158 countries that generate at least 1 TWh a year.
Does Kazakhstan import electricity?
Yes: in 2025 it imported 2.41 TWh more than it exported, 1.9% of its demand.
How secure is Kazakhstan's energy supply?
Global Grid's energy security score for Kazakhstan is 76 out of 100 (strong), 34th of 158 countries. It looks at how much of its own energy it produces, how varied its power sources are, its reliance on imported power and its use of low-carbon power, gas and oil.
Other countries in Asia
Sources: Ember yearly electricity data (CC BY 4.0), figures up to 2025; energy production and use by source from the Energy Institute Statistical Review via Our World in Data (CC BY 4.0), 2024; pipelines and LNG terminals from Global Energy Monitor's Global Oil Infrastructure Tracker (June 2026 release) and Global Gas Infrastructure Tracker (November 2025 release) (CC BY 4.0). Ember's latest-year figures are first estimates and may be revised. TWh: terawatt hours (one billion kWh).