Global GridLatvia's energy mix and electricity
🇱🇻 In 2025, Latvia generated 6.33 TWh of electricity. The largest source was hydro at 47%, followed by gas (26%) and solar (13%). In total, 74% came from low-carbon sources (nuclear and renewables) and 26% from fossil fuels.
On average, each kilowatt hour produced about 134 grams of carbon dioxide (CO₂), far below the world average of 458 grams in 2025. That makes Latvia the 30th cleanest of 158 countries that generate at least 1 TWh a year.
Electricity demand was 7.73 TWh. Latvia imported 1.40 TWh more electricity than it exported, equal to 18% of its demand.
Since 2000, electricity generation has grown by 53%, from 4.14 TWh. The low-carbon share went from 68% to 74%. The biggest rise was in solar, from 0% to 13% of generation. The biggest fall was in hydro, from 68% to 47%. Carbon intensity fell from 147 to 134 grams per kWh.
Live, hour-by-hour figures for Latvia are not connected yet. The dashboard shows its yearly figures, energy mix since 2000 and interconnector trade.
Energy mix in 2025
- Hydro 47%
- Gas 26%
- Solar 13%
- Bioenergy 10%
- Wind 3.6%
| Source | Share | Generated |
|---|---|---|
| Hydro | 47% | 2.97 TWh |
| Gas | 26% | 1.65 TWh |
| Solar | 13% | 0.82 TWh |
| Bioenergy | 10% | 0.66 TWh |
| Wind | 3.6% | 0.23 TWh |
Total energy mix in 2024
Electricity is only part of the energy Latvia uses: fuel for transport, heating and industry counts too. In 2024, Latvia used 38.8 TWh of energy in all (primary energy). The largest source was oil at 49%, followed by gas (21%) and hydro (21%). Fossil fuels made up 70% and low-carbon sources (nuclear and renewables) 30%.
- Oil 49%
- Gas 21%
- Hydro 21%
- Other renewables 4.4%
- Solar 2.6%
- Wind 1.8%
- Biofuels 0.5%
- Coal 0.4%
| Source | Share of all energy |
|---|---|
| Oil | 49% |
| Gas | 21% |
| Hydro | 21% |
| Other renewables | 4.4% |
| Solar | 2.6% |
| Wind | 1.8% |
| Biofuels | 0.5% |
| Coal | 0.4% |
Primary energy, with nuclear and renewable electricity counted as the fuel a power station would need to make it (the "substitution method"). Here "other renewables" is the Energy Institute's "geothermal, biomass and other" power generation, and biofuels are liquid fuels such as ethanol and biodiesel. Source: Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy via Our World in Data (CC BY 4.0).
Energy security score
Moderate. Latvia ranks 97th of 158 countries and 28th of 39 in Europe. The score shows how well a country could keep electricity affordable and on if fuel supplies were disrupted.
| Measure | Score |
|---|---|
| Produces its own energy In 2024, Latvia produced energy equal to 29% of all the energy it used (100% or more scores full marks). | 29 |
| Variety of power sources How evenly generation is spread across nine sources. The largest, hydro, made 47%. | 77 |
| Little reliance on imported power Net imports were 18% of demand; each 1% takes off 2 points. | 64 |
| Low-carbon power Nuclear and renewables made 74% of generation. | 74 |
| Low gas and oil use Gas and oil made 26% of generation; the score is 100 minus that share. | 74 |
The five measures are weighted 30%, 20%, 20%, 15% and 15%. How the score works.
Oil and gas pipelines
Global Energy Monitor lists 1,438 km of oil and gas pipelines operating in Latvia, 0 km being built and 0 km proposed (lengths measured along the mapped routes; a pipeline crossing borders counts in full for each country).
See them on the interactive map · Pipelines around the world
How it has changed
| Year | Generated | Low-carbon | Fossil | CO₂ g/kWh |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 4.14 TWh | 68% | 32% | 147 |
| 2005 | 4.92 TWh | 70% | 30% | 130 |
| 2010 | 6.63 TWh | 55% | 45% | 179 |
| 2015 | 5.54 TWh | 51% | 50% | 220 |
| 2020 | 5.72 TWh | 64% | 36% | 177 |
| 2024 | 6.33 TWh | 74% | 27% | 134 |
| 2025 | 6.33 TWh | 74% | 26% | 134 |
Questions about Latvia's energy
What is Latvia's energy mix?
In 2025, Latvia's electricity came from hydro 47%, gas 26%, solar 13% and bioenergy 10%. Counting all the energy it uses, including fuel for transport and heating, the mix in 2024 was oil 49%, gas 21%, hydro 21% and other renewables 4.4%.
How much of Latvia's electricity is renewable?
74% of its electricity came from renewables in 2025 (hydro 47%, solar 13%, bioenergy 10% and wind 3.6%).
What is Latvia's main source of electricity?
Hydro, which made 47% of its electricity in 2025.
How clean is Latvia's electricity?
About 134 grams of CO₂ for each kilowatt hour in 2025, far below the world average of 458 grams. It ranks 30th cleanest of 158 countries that generate at least 1 TWh a year.
Does Latvia import electricity?
Yes: in 2025 it imported 1.40 TWh more than it exported, 18% of its demand.
How secure is Latvia's energy supply?
Global Grid's energy security score for Latvia is 59 out of 100 (moderate), 97th of 158 countries. It looks at how much of its own energy it produces, how varied its power sources are, its reliance on imported power and its use of low-carbon power, gas and oil.
Other countries in Europe
Sources: Ember yearly electricity data (CC BY 4.0), figures up to 2025; energy production and use by source from the Energy Institute Statistical Review via Our World in Data (CC BY 4.0), 2024; pipelines and LNG terminals from Global Energy Monitor's Global Oil Infrastructure Tracker (June 2026 release) and Global Gas Infrastructure Tracker (November 2025 release) (CC BY 4.0). Ember's latest-year figures are first estimates and may be revised. TWh: terawatt hours (one billion kWh).