Global GridNorth Macedonia's energy mix and electricity
🇲🇰 In 2025, North Macedonia generated 7.10 TWh of electricity. The largest source was solar at 31%, followed by coal (29%) and hydro (18%). In total, 53% came from low-carbon sources (nuclear and renewables) and 47% from fossil fuels.
On average, each kilowatt hour produced about 406 grams of carbon dioxide (CO₂), below the world average of 458 grams in 2025. That makes North Macedonia the 80th cleanest of 158 countries that generate at least 1 TWh a year.
Electricity demand was 8.48 TWh. North Macedonia imported 1.38 TWh more electricity than it exported, equal to 16% of its demand.
Since 2000, electricity generation has stayed about the same, from 6.81 TWh. The low-carbon share went from 17% to 53%. The biggest rise was in solar, from 0% to 31% of generation. The biggest fall was in coal, from 77% to 29%. Carbon intensity fell from 822 to 406 grams per kWh.
Live, hour-by-hour figures for North Macedonia are not connected yet. The dashboard shows its yearly figures, energy mix since 2000 and interconnector trade.
Energy mix in 2025
- Solar 31%
- Coal 29%
- Hydro 18%
- Gas 15%
- Wind 4.2%
- Oil and other fossil fuels 2.4%
- Bioenergy 0.3%
| Source | Share | Generated |
|---|---|---|
| Solar | 31% | 2.21 TWh |
| Coal | 29% | 2.07 TWh |
| Hydro | 18% | 1.24 TWh |
| Gas | 15% | 1.09 TWh |
| Wind | 4.2% | 0.30 TWh |
| Oil and other fossil fuels | 2.4% | 0.17 TWh |
| Bioenergy | 0.3% | 0.02 TWh |
Total energy mix in 2024
Electricity is only part of the energy North Macedonia uses: fuel for transport, heating and industry counts too. In 2024, North Macedonia used 29.6 TWh of energy in all (primary energy). The largest source was oil at 48%, followed by coal (25%) and hydro (11%). Fossil fuels made up 84% and low-carbon sources (nuclear and renewables) 16%.
- Oil 48%
- Coal 25%
- Hydro 11%
- Gas 11%
- Solar 2.6%
- Wind 1.4%
- Other renewables 0.7%
| Source | Share of all energy |
|---|---|
| Oil | 48% |
| Coal | 25% |
| Hydro | 11% |
| Gas | 11% |
| Solar | 2.6% |
| Wind | 1.4% |
| Other renewables | 0.7% |
Primary energy, with nuclear and renewable electricity counted as the fuel a power station would need to make it (the "substitution method"). Here "other renewables" is the Energy Institute's "geothermal, biomass and other" power generation, and biofuels are liquid fuels such as ethanol and biodiesel. Source: Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy via Our World in Data (CC BY 4.0).
Energy security score
Moderate. North Macedonia ranks 110th of 158 countries and 30th of 39 in Europe. The score shows how well a country could keep electricity affordable and on if fuel supplies were disrupted.
| Measure | Score |
|---|---|
| Produces its own energy In 2024, North Macedonia produced energy equal to 16% of all the energy it used (100% or more scores full marks). | 16 |
| Variety of power sources How evenly generation is spread across nine sources. The largest, solar, made 31%. | 86 |
| Little reliance on imported power Net imports were 16% of demand; each 1% takes off 2 points. | 67 |
| Low-carbon power Nuclear and renewables made 53% of generation. | 53 |
| Low gas and oil use Gas and oil made 18% of generation; the score is 100 minus that share. | 82 |
The five measures are weighted 30%, 20%, 20%, 15% and 15%. How the score works.
Oil and gas pipelines
Global Energy Monitor lists 345 km of oil and gas pipelines operating in North Macedonia, 54 km being built and 217 km proposed (lengths measured along the mapped routes; a pipeline crossing borders counts in full for each country).
See them on the interactive map · Pipelines around the world
How it has changed
| Year | Generated | Low-carbon | Fossil | CO₂ g/kWh |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 6.81 TWh | 17% | 83% | 822 |
| 2005 | 6.94 TWh | 22% | 78% | 803 |
| 2010 | 7.26 TWh | 34% | 66% | 678 |
| 2015 | 5.65 TWh | 35% | 64% | 632 |
| 2020 | 5.34 TWh | 27% | 72% | 624 |
| 2024 | 6.31 TWh | 40% | 60% | 510 |
| 2025 | 7.10 TWh | 53% | 46% | 406 |
Questions about North Macedonia's energy
What is North Macedonia's energy mix?
In 2025, North Macedonia's electricity came from solar 31%, coal 29%, hydro 18% and gas 15%. Counting all the energy it uses, including fuel for transport and heating, the mix in 2024 was oil 48%, coal 25%, hydro 11% and gas 11%.
How much of North Macedonia's electricity is renewable?
53% of its electricity came from renewables in 2025 (solar 31%, hydro 18% and wind 4.2%).
What is North Macedonia's main source of electricity?
Solar, which made 31% of its electricity in 2025.
How clean is North Macedonia's electricity?
About 406 grams of CO₂ for each kilowatt hour in 2025, below the world average of 458 grams. It ranks 80th cleanest of 158 countries that generate at least 1 TWh a year.
Does North Macedonia import electricity?
Yes: in 2025 it imported 1.38 TWh more than it exported, 16% of its demand.
How secure is North Macedonia's energy supply?
Global Grid's energy security score for North Macedonia is 56 out of 100 (moderate), 110th of 158 countries. It looks at how much of its own energy it produces, how varied its power sources are, its reliance on imported power and its use of low-carbon power, gas and oil.
Other countries in Europe
Sources: Ember yearly electricity data (CC BY 4.0), figures up to 2025; energy production and use by source from the Energy Institute Statistical Review via Our World in Data (CC BY 4.0), 2024; pipelines and LNG terminals from Global Energy Monitor's Global Oil Infrastructure Tracker (June 2026 release) and Global Gas Infrastructure Tracker (November 2025 release) (CC BY 4.0). Ember's latest-year figures are first estimates and may be revised. TWh: terawatt hours (one billion kWh).