Global GridPakistan's energy mix and electricity
🇵🇰 In 2025, Pakistan generated 177 TWh of electricity. The largest source was hydro at 23%, followed by gas (22%) and solar (21%). In total, 61% came from low-carbon sources (nuclear and renewables) and 39% from fossil fuels.
On average, each kilowatt hour produced about 310 grams of carbon dioxide (CO₂), below the world average of 458 grams in 2025. That makes Pakistan the 62nd cleanest of 158 countries that generate at least 1 TWh a year.
Electricity demand was 178 TWh. Pakistan imported 0.48 TWh more electricity than it exported, equal to 0.3% of its demand.
Since 2000, electricity generation has grown by 166%, from 66.5 TWh. The low-carbon share went from 27% to 61%. The biggest rise was in solar, from 0% to 21% of generation. The biggest fall was in oil and other fossil fuels, from 41% to 1%. Carbon intensity fell from 500 to 310 grams per kWh.
Live, hour-by-hour figures for Pakistan are not connected yet. The dashboard shows its yearly figures, energy mix since 2000 and interconnector trade.
Energy mix in 2025
- Hydro 23%
- Gas 22%
- Solar 21%
- Coal 16%
- Nuclear 14%
- Wind 2.5%
- Oil and other fossil fuels 0.7%
- Bioenergy 0.3%
| Source | Share | Generated |
|---|---|---|
| Hydro | 23% | 41.2 TWh |
| Gas | 22% | 38.8 TWh |
| Solar | 21% | 36.6 TWh |
| Coal | 16% | 28.9 TWh |
| Nuclear | 14% | 25.5 TWh |
| Wind | 2.5% | 4.43 TWh |
| Oil and other fossil fuels | 0.7% | 1.24 TWh |
| Bioenergy | 0.3% | 0.53 TWh |
Total energy mix in 2024
Electricity is only part of the energy Pakistan uses: fuel for transport, heating and industry counts too. In 2024, Pakistan used 888 TWh of energy in all (primary energy). The largest source was gas at 42%, followed by oil (26%) and coal (13%). Fossil fuels made up 81% and low-carbon sources (nuclear and renewables) 19%.
- Gas 42%
- Oil 26%
- Coal 13%
- Hydro 11%
- Nuclear 6.3%
- Wind 1%
- Solar 0.5%
- Other renewables 0.3%
| Source | Share of all energy |
|---|---|
| Gas | 42% |
| Oil | 26% |
| Coal | 13% |
| Hydro | 11% |
| Nuclear | 6.3% |
| Wind | 1% |
| Solar | 0.5% |
| Other renewables | 0.3% |
Primary energy, with nuclear and renewable electricity counted as the fuel a power station would need to make it (the "substitution method"). Here "other renewables" is the Energy Institute's "geothermal, biomass and other" power generation, and biofuels are liquid fuels such as ethanol and biodiesel. Source: Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy via Our World in Data (CC BY 4.0).
Energy security score
Strong. Pakistan ranks 31st of 158 countries and 6th of 46 in Asia. The score shows how well a country could keep electricity affordable and on if fuel supplies were disrupted.
| Measure | Score |
|---|---|
| Produces its own energy In 2024, Pakistan produced energy equal to 59% of all the energy it used (100% or more scores full marks). | 59 |
| Variety of power sources How evenly generation is spread across nine sources. The largest, hydro, made 23%. | 91 |
| Little reliance on imported power Net imports were 0.3% of demand; each 1% takes off 2 points. | 99 |
| Low-carbon power Nuclear and renewables made 61% of generation. | 61 |
| Low gas and oil use Gas and oil made 23% of generation; the score is 100 minus that share. | 77 |
The five measures are weighted 30%, 20%, 20%, 15% and 15%. How the score works.
Oil and gas pipelines
Global Energy Monitor lists 8,128 km of oil and gas pipelines operating in Pakistan, 4,608 km being built and 2,300 km proposed (lengths measured along the mapped routes; a pipeline crossing borders counts in full for each country). For liquefied natural gas (LNG), shipped by sea, it lists 2 import terminals operating (4 more being built or proposed).
See them on the interactive map · Pipelines around the world
How it has changed
| Year | Generated | Low-carbon | Fossil | CO₂ g/kWh |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 66.5 TWh | 27% | 74% | 500 |
| 2005 | 94.6 TWh | 37% | 64% | 442 |
| 2010 | 94.5 TWh | 38% | 62% | 430 |
| 2015 | 113 TWh | 38% | 62% | 432 |
| 2020 | 136 TWh | 38% | 62% | 464 |
| 2024 | 157 TWh | 58% | 44% | 336 |
| 2025 | 177 TWh | 61% | 39% | 310 |
Questions about Pakistan's energy
What is Pakistan's energy mix?
In 2025, Pakistan's electricity came from hydro 23%, gas 22%, solar 21% and coal 16%. Counting all the energy it uses, including fuel for transport and heating, the mix in 2024 was gas 42%, oil 26%, coal 13% and hydro 11%.
How much of Pakistan's electricity is renewable?
47% of its electricity came from renewables in 2025 (hydro 23%, solar 21% and wind 2.5%). Including nuclear power, 61% of its electricity was low-carbon.
What is Pakistan's main source of electricity?
Hydro, which made 23% of its electricity in 2025.
How clean is Pakistan's electricity?
About 310 grams of CO₂ for each kilowatt hour in 2025, below the world average of 458 grams. It ranks 62nd cleanest of 158 countries that generate at least 1 TWh a year.
Does Pakistan import electricity?
Yes: in 2025 it imported 0.48 TWh more than it exported, 0.3% of its demand.
How secure is Pakistan's energy supply?
Global Grid's energy security score for Pakistan is 77 out of 100 (strong), 31st of 158 countries. It looks at how much of its own energy it produces, how varied its power sources are, its reliance on imported power and its use of low-carbon power, gas and oil.
Other countries in Asia
Sources: Ember yearly electricity data (CC BY 4.0), figures up to 2025; energy production and use by source from the Energy Institute Statistical Review via Our World in Data (CC BY 4.0), 2024; pipelines and LNG terminals from Global Energy Monitor's Global Oil Infrastructure Tracker (June 2026 release) and Global Gas Infrastructure Tracker (November 2025 release) (CC BY 4.0). Ember's latest-year figures are first estimates and may be revised. TWh: terawatt hours (one billion kWh).