Global GridRomania's energy mix and electricity
🇷🇴 In 2025, Romania generated 49.8 TWh of electricity. The largest source was hydro at 24%, followed by nuclear (21%) and gas (17%). In total, 68% came from low-carbon sources (nuclear and renewables) and 32% from fossil fuels.
On average, each kilowatt hour produced about 260 grams of carbon dioxide (CO₂), below the world average of 458 grams in 2025. That makes Romania the 54th cleanest of 158 countries that generate at least 1 TWh a year.
Electricity demand was 53.6 TWh. Romania imported 3.82 TWh more electricity than it exported, equal to 7.1% of its demand.
Since 2000, electricity generation has stayed about the same, from 51.6 TWh. The low-carbon share went from 40% to 68%. The biggest rise was in wind, from 0% to 12% of generation. The biggest fall was in coal, from 37% to 15%. Carbon intensity fell from 514 to 260 grams per kWh.
Live, hour-by-hour figures for Romania are not connected yet. The dashboard shows its yearly figures, energy mix since 2000 and interconnector trade.
Energy mix in 2025
- Hydro 24%
- Nuclear 21%
- Gas 17%
- Coal 15%
- Wind 12%
- Solar 9.8%
- Bioenergy 1%
- Oil and other fossil fuels 0.4%
| Source | Share | Generated |
|---|---|---|
| Hydro | 24% | 12.1 TWh |
| Nuclear | 21% | 10.2 TWh |
| Gas | 17% | 8.42 TWh |
| Coal | 15% | 7.57 TWh |
| Wind | 12% | 5.98 TWh |
| Solar | 9.8% | 4.88 TWh |
| Bioenergy | 1% | 0.50 TWh |
| Oil and other fossil fuels | 0.4% | 0.20 TWh |
Total energy mix in 2024
Electricity is only part of the energy Romania uses: fuel for transport, heating and industry counts too. In 2024, Romania used 355 TWh of energy in all (primary energy). The largest source was oil at 39%, followed by gas (27%) and hydro (9.6%). Fossil fuels made up 73% and low-carbon sources (nuclear and renewables) 27%.
- Oil 39%
- Gas 27%
- Hydro 9.6%
- Nuclear 7.6%
- Coal 7.2%
- Wind 4.4%
- Solar 3.2%
- Biofuels 1.5%
- Other renewables 0.4%
| Source | Share of all energy |
|---|---|
| Oil | 39% |
| Gas | 27% |
| Hydro | 9.6% |
| Nuclear | 7.6% |
| Coal | 7.2% |
| Wind | 4.4% |
| Solar | 3.2% |
| Biofuels | 1.5% |
| Other renewables | 0.4% |
Primary energy, with nuclear and renewable electricity counted as the fuel a power station would need to make it (the "substitution method"). Here "other renewables" is the Energy Institute's "geothermal, biomass and other" power generation, and biofuels are liquid fuels such as ethanol and biodiesel. Source: Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy via Our World in Data (CC BY 4.0).
Energy security score
Strong. Romania ranks 26th of 158 countries and 8th of 39 in Europe. The score shows how well a country could keep electricity affordable and on if fuel supplies were disrupted.
| Measure | Score |
|---|---|
| Produces its own energy In 2024, Romania produced energy equal to 67% of all the energy it used (100% or more scores full marks). | 67 |
| Variety of power sources How evenly generation is spread across nine sources. The largest, hydro, made 24%. | 93 |
| Little reliance on imported power Net imports were 7.1% of demand; each 1% takes off 2 points. | 86 |
| Low-carbon power Nuclear and renewables made 68% of generation. | 68 |
| Low gas and oil use Gas and oil made 17% of generation; the score is 100 minus that share. | 83 |
The five measures are weighted 30%, 20%, 20%, 15% and 15%. How the score works.
Oil and gas pipelines
Global Energy Monitor lists 3,916 km of oil and gas pipelines operating in Romania, 307 km being built and 2,211 km proposed (lengths measured along the mapped routes; a pipeline crossing borders counts in full for each country). For liquefied natural gas (LNG), shipped by sea, it lists 0 import terminals operating (1 more being built or proposed) and 0 export terminals operating (1 more being built or proposed).
See them on the interactive map · Pipelines around the world
How it has changed
| Year | Generated | Low-carbon | Fossil | CO₂ g/kWh |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 51.6 TWh | 40% | 62% | 514 |
| 2005 | 59.3 TWh | 43% | 56% | 490 |
| 2010 | 60.4 TWh | 53% | 47% | 425 |
| 2015 | 65.7 TWh | 58% | 43% | 369 |
| 2020 | 55.2 TWh | 66% | 35% | 278 |
| 2024 | 52.7 TWh | 68% | 32% | 260 |
| 2025 | 49.8 TWh | 68% | 32% | 260 |
Questions about Romania's energy
What is Romania's energy mix?
In 2025, Romania's electricity came from hydro 24%, nuclear 21%, gas 17% and coal 15%. Counting all the energy it uses, including fuel for transport and heating, the mix in 2024 was oil 39%, gas 27%, hydro 9.6% and nuclear 7.6%.
How much of Romania's electricity is renewable?
47% of its electricity came from renewables in 2025 (hydro 24%, wind 12%, solar 9.8% and bioenergy 1%). Including nuclear power, 68% of its electricity was low-carbon.
What is Romania's main source of electricity?
Hydro, which made 24% of its electricity in 2025.
How clean is Romania's electricity?
About 260 grams of CO₂ for each kilowatt hour in 2025, below the world average of 458 grams. It ranks 54th cleanest of 158 countries that generate at least 1 TWh a year.
Does Romania import electricity?
Yes: in 2025 it imported 3.82 TWh more than it exported, 7.1% of its demand.
How secure is Romania's energy supply?
Global Grid's energy security score for Romania is 78 out of 100 (strong), 26th of 158 countries. It looks at how much of its own energy it produces, how varied its power sources are, its reliance on imported power and its use of low-carbon power, gas and oil.
Other countries in Europe
Sources: Ember yearly electricity data (CC BY 4.0), figures up to 2025; energy production and use by source from the Energy Institute Statistical Review via Our World in Data (CC BY 4.0), 2024; pipelines and LNG terminals from Global Energy Monitor's Global Oil Infrastructure Tracker (June 2026 release) and Global Gas Infrastructure Tracker (November 2025 release) (CC BY 4.0). Ember's latest-year figures are first estimates and may be revised. TWh: terawatt hours (one billion kWh).