Global GridSerbia's energy mix and electricity
🇷🇸 In 2025, Serbia generated 36.7 TWh of electricity. The largest source was coal at 65%, followed by hydro (22%) and gas (6.8%). In total, 28% came from low-carbon sources (nuclear and renewables) and 72% from fossil fuels.
On average, each kilowatt hour produced about 696 grams of carbon dioxide (CO₂), far above the world average of 458 grams in 2025. That makes Serbia the 146th cleanest of 158 countries that generate at least 1 TWh a year.
Electricity demand was 38.0 TWh. Serbia imported 1.32 TWh more electricity than it exported, equal to 3.5% of its demand.
Since 2000, electricity generation has grown by 15%, from 31.9 TWh. The low-carbon share went from 31% to 27%. The biggest rise was in gas, from 1% to 7% of generation. The biggest fall was in hydro, from 31% to 22%.
Live, hour-by-hour figures for Serbia are not connected yet. The dashboard shows its yearly figures, energy mix since 2000 and interconnector trade.
Energy mix in 2025
- Coal 65%
- Hydro 22%
- Gas 6.8%
- Wind 4%
- Bioenergy 1.1%
- Solar 0.4%
- Oil and other fossil fuels 0.3%
| Source | Share | Generated |
|---|---|---|
| Coal | 65% | 23.9 TWh |
| Hydro | 22% | 8.18 TWh |
| Gas | 6.8% | 2.50 TWh |
| Wind | 4% | 1.47 TWh |
| Bioenergy | 1.1% | 0.40 TWh |
| Solar | 0.4% | 0.15 TWh |
| Oil and other fossil fuels | 0.3% | 0.11 TWh |
Energy security score
Moderate. Serbia ranks 69th of 158 countries and 18th of 39 in Europe. The score shows how well a country could keep electricity affordable and on if fuel supplies were disrupted. It is based on 4 of the 5 measures.
| Measure | Score |
|---|---|
| Produces its own energy No reliable figure exists for Serbia, so this measure is left out and the other four count for more. | n/a |
| Variety of power sources How evenly generation is spread across nine sources. The largest, coal, made 65%. | 59 |
| Little reliance on imported power Net imports were 3.5% of demand; each 1% takes off 2 points. | 93 |
| Low-carbon power Nuclear and renewables made 28% of generation. | 28 |
| Low gas and oil use Gas and oil made 7.1% of generation; the score is 100 minus that share. | 93 |
The five measures are weighted 30%, 20%, 20%, 15% and 15%. How the score works.
Oil and gas pipelines
Global Energy Monitor lists 2,291 km of oil and gas pipelines operating in Serbia, 78 km being built and 525 km proposed (lengths measured along the mapped routes; a pipeline crossing borders counts in full for each country).
See them on the interactive map · Pipelines around the world
How it has changed
| Year | Generated | Low-carbon | Fossil | CO₂ g/kWh |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 31.9 TWh | 31% | 69% | 700 |
| 2005 | 35.9 TWh | 32% | 68% | 687 |
| 2010 | 37.4 TWh | 32% | 69% | 693 |
| 2015 | 37.6 TWh | 27% | 73% | 744 |
| 2020 | 37.2 TWh | 28% | 72% | 736 |
| 2024 | 37.0 TWh | 31% | 68% | 668 |
| 2025 | 36.7 TWh | 27% | 72% | 696 |
Questions about Serbia's energy
What is Serbia's energy mix?
In 2025, Serbia's electricity came from coal 65%, hydro 22%, gas 6.8% and wind 4%.
How much of Serbia's electricity is renewable?
28% of its electricity came from renewables in 2025 (hydro 22%, wind 4% and bioenergy 1.1%).
What is Serbia's main source of electricity?
Coal, which made 65% of its electricity in 2025.
How clean is Serbia's electricity?
About 696 grams of CO₂ for each kilowatt hour in 2025, far above the world average of 458 grams. It ranks 146th cleanest of 158 countries that generate at least 1 TWh a year.
Does Serbia import electricity?
Yes: in 2025 it imported 1.32 TWh more than it exported, 3.5% of its demand.
How secure is Serbia's energy supply?
Global Grid's energy security score for Serbia is 69 out of 100 (moderate), 69th of 158 countries. It looks at how much of its own energy it produces, how varied its power sources are, its reliance on imported power and its use of low-carbon power, gas and oil.
Other countries in Europe
Sources: Ember yearly electricity data (CC BY 4.0), figures up to 2025; pipelines and LNG terminals from Global Energy Monitor's Global Oil Infrastructure Tracker (June 2026 release) and Global Gas Infrastructure Tracker (November 2025 release) (CC BY 4.0). Ember's latest-year figures are first estimates and may be revised. TWh: terawatt hours (one billion kWh).