Global GridUkraine's energy mix and electricity
🇺🇦 In 2022, Ukraine generated 112 TWh of electricity. The largest source was nuclear at 56%, followed by coal (21%) and hydro (9.9%). In total, 72% came from low-carbon sources (nuclear and renewables) and 28% from fossil fuels.
On average, each kilowatt hour produced about 250 grams of carbon dioxide (CO₂), below the world average of 458 grams in 2025. That makes Ukraine the 51st cleanest of 158 countries that generate at least 1 TWh a year.
Electricity demand was 112 TWh. Ukraine imported 0.10 TWh more electricity than it exported, equal to 0.1% of its demand.
Since 2000, electricity generation has fallen by 35%, from 172 TWh. The low-carbon share went from 52% to 73%. The biggest rise was in nuclear, from 45% to 56% of generation. The biggest fall was in gas, from 17% to 6%. Carbon intensity fell from 402 to 250 grams per kWh.
Live, hour-by-hour figures for Ukraine are not connected yet. The dashboard shows its yearly figures, energy mix since 2000 and interconnector trade.
Energy mix in 2022
- Nuclear 56%
- Coal 21%
- Hydro 9.9%
- Gas 6.4%
- Solar 4.6%
- Wind 1.3%
- Bioenergy 0.7%
- Oil and other fossil fuels 0.5%
| Source | Share | Generated |
|---|---|---|
| Nuclear | 56% | 62.5 TWh |
| Coal | 21% | 23.4 TWh |
| Hydro | 9.9% | 11.1 TWh |
| Gas | 6.4% | 7.17 TWh |
| Solar | 4.6% | 5.15 TWh |
| Wind | 1.3% | 1.46 TWh |
| Bioenergy | 0.7% | 0.78 TWh |
| Oil and other fossil fuels | 0.5% | 0.56 TWh |
Total energy mix in 2024
Electricity is only part of the energy Ukraine uses: fuel for transport, heating and industry counts too. In 2024, Ukraine used 601 TWh of energy in all (primary energy). The largest source was gas at 34%, followed by nuclear (22%) and oil (19%). Fossil fuels made up 70% and low-carbon sources (nuclear and renewables) 30%.
- Gas 34%
- Nuclear 22%
- Oil 19%
- Coal 18%
- Hydro 5.2%
- Solar 2.5%
- Other renewables 0.4%
- Wind 0.1%
- Biofuels 0.1%
| Source | Share of all energy |
|---|---|
| Gas | 34% |
| Nuclear | 22% |
| Oil | 19% |
| Coal | 18% |
| Hydro | 5.2% |
| Solar | 2.5% |
| Other renewables | 0.4% |
| Wind | 0.1% |
| Biofuels | 0.1% |
Primary energy, with nuclear and renewable electricity counted as the fuel a power station would need to make it (the "substitution method"). Here "other renewables" is the Energy Institute's "geothermal, biomass and other" power generation, and biofuels are liquid fuels such as ethanol and biodiesel. Source: Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy via Our World in Data (CC BY 4.0).
About these figures
- Ukraine's latest full year in Ember's figures is 2022: since Russia's full-scale invasion in February 2022, Ukraine has published little electricity data, for security reasons.
- Russian attacks have repeatedly damaged Ukraine's power stations and grid since 2022, so its electricity today differs from these yearly figures.
- Europe's largest nuclear power station, Zaporizhzhia, has been occupied by Russian forces since March 2022 and has made no electricity for the grid since September 2022.
- Ukraine's grid was joined to continental Europe's on 16 March 2022. It trades electricity with Poland, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania and Moldova; when the grid operators publish them, the live flows across those borders show here and on the Live map.
- Crimea, annexed by Russia in 2014, is internationally recognised as part of Ukraine (UN General Assembly resolution 68/262). Ukraine's official figures have not covered it since 2014; the maps draw it striped, with no figures of its own.
Energy security score
Strong. Ukraine ranks 13th of 158 countries and 4th of 39 in Europe. The score shows how well a country could keep electricity affordable and on if fuel supplies were disrupted.
| Measure | Score |
|---|---|
| Produces its own energy In 2024, Ukraine produced energy equal to 77% of all the energy it used (100% or more scores full marks). | 77 |
| Variety of power sources How evenly generation is spread across nine sources. The largest, nuclear, made 56%. | 71 |
| Little reliance on imported power Net imports were 0.1% of demand; each 1% takes off 2 points. | 100 |
| Low-carbon power Nuclear and renewables made 72% of generation. | 72 |
| Low gas and oil use Gas and oil made 6.9% of generation; the score is 100 minus that share. | 93 |
The five measures are weighted 30%, 20%, 20%, 15% and 15%. How the score works.
Oil and gas pipelines
Global Energy Monitor lists 32,078 km of oil and gas pipelines operating in Ukraine, 104 km being built and 413 km proposed (lengths measured along the mapped routes; a pipeline crossing borders counts in full for each country).
See them on the interactive map · Pipelines around the world
How it has changed
| Year | Generated | Low-carbon | Fossil | CO₂ g/kWh |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 172 TWh | 52% | 48% | 402 |
| 2005 | 186 TWh | 55% | 45% | 375 |
| 2010 | 189 TWh | 54% | 45% | 410 |
| 2015 | 164 TWh | 58% | 42% | 380 |
| 2020 | 148 TWh | 64% | 37% | 325 |
| 2021 | 156 TWh | 69% | 32% | 279 |
| 2022 | 112 TWh | 73% | 28% | 250 |
Questions about Ukraine's energy
What is Ukraine's energy mix?
In 2022, Ukraine's electricity came from nuclear 56%, coal 21%, hydro 9.9% and gas 6.4%. Counting all the energy it uses, including fuel for transport and heating, the mix in 2024 was gas 34%, nuclear 22%, oil 19% and coal 18%.
How much of Ukraine's electricity is renewable?
17% of its electricity came from renewables in 2022 (hydro 9.9%, solar 4.6%, wind 1.3% and bioenergy 0.7%). Including nuclear power, 72% of its electricity was low-carbon.
What is Ukraine's main source of electricity?
Nuclear, which made 56% of its electricity in 2022.
How clean is Ukraine's electricity?
About 250 grams of CO₂ for each kilowatt hour in 2022, below the world average of 458 grams. It ranks 51st cleanest of 158 countries that generate at least 1 TWh a year.
Does Ukraine import electricity?
Yes: in 2022 it imported 0.10 TWh more than it exported, 0.1% of its demand.
How secure is Ukraine's energy supply?
Global Grid's energy security score for Ukraine is 82 out of 100 (strong), 13th of 158 countries. It looks at how much of its own energy it produces, how varied its power sources are, its reliance on imported power and its use of low-carbon power, gas and oil.
Other countries in Europe
Sources: Ember yearly electricity data (CC BY 4.0), figures up to 2022; energy production and use by source from the Energy Institute Statistical Review via Our World in Data (CC BY 4.0), 2024; pipelines and LNG terminals from Global Energy Monitor's Global Oil Infrastructure Tracker (June 2026 release) and Global Gas Infrastructure Tracker (November 2025 release) (CC BY 4.0). Ember's latest-year figures are first estimates and may be revised. TWh: terawatt hours (one billion kWh).