Global GridFinland's energy mix and electricity
🇫🇮 In 2025, Finland generated 82.3 TWh of electricity. The largest source was nuclear at 40%, followed by wind (27%) and hydro (15%). In total, 96% came from low-carbon sources (nuclear and renewables) and 3.7% from fossil fuels.
On average, each kilowatt hour produced about 57 grams of carbon dioxide (CO₂), far below the world average of 458 grams in 2025. That makes Finland the 14th cleanest of 158 countries that generate at least 1 TWh a year.
Electricity demand was 87.9 TWh. Finland imported 5.56 TWh more electricity than it exported, equal to 6.3% of its demand.
Since 2000, electricity generation has grown by 18%, from 70.0 TWh. The low-carbon share went from 65% to 96%. The biggest rise was in wind, from 0% to 27% of generation. The biggest fall was in gas, from 15% to 1%. Carbon intensity fell from 247 to 57 grams per kWh.
Live figures for Finland, updated about every hour, are on the live dashboard.
Energy mix in 2025
- Nuclear 40%
- Wind 27%
- Hydro 15%
- Bioenergy 13%
- Oil and other fossil fuels 2.3%
- Gas 1.2%
- Solar 1.2%
- Coal 0.2%
- Other renewables 0.2%
| Source | Share | Generated |
|---|---|---|
| Nuclear | 40% | 32.8 TWh |
| Wind | 27% | 22.6 TWh |
| Hydro | 15% | 12.4 TWh |
| Bioenergy | 13% | 10.4 TWh |
| Oil and other fossil fuels | 2.3% | 1.89 TWh |
| Gas | 1.2% | 0.99 TWh |
| Solar | 1.2% | 0.99 TWh |
| Coal | 0.2% | 0.16 TWh |
| Other renewables | 0.2% | 0.16 TWh |
Total energy mix in 2024
Electricity is only part of the energy Finland uses: fuel for transport, heating and industry counts too. In 2024, Finland used 335 TWh of energy in all (primary energy). The largest source was oil at 27%, followed by nuclear (24%) and wind (15%). Fossil fuels made up 37% and low-carbon sources (nuclear and renewables) 63%.
- Oil 27%
- Nuclear 24%
- Wind 15%
- Hydro 11%
- Other renewables 9.8%
- Coal 6.4%
- Gas 3.9%
- Biofuels 2.1%
- Solar 1%
| Source | Share of all energy |
|---|---|
| Oil | 27% |
| Nuclear | 24% |
| Wind | 15% |
| Hydro | 11% |
| Other renewables | 9.8% |
| Coal | 6.4% |
| Gas | 3.9% |
| Biofuels | 2.1% |
| Solar | 1% |
Primary energy, with nuclear and renewable electricity counted as the fuel a power station would need to make it (the "substitution method"). Here "other renewables" is the Energy Institute's "geothermal, biomass and other" power generation, and biofuels are liquid fuels such as ethanol and biodiesel. Source: Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy via Our World in Data (CC BY 4.0).
Energy security score
Strong. Finland ranks 16th of 158 countries and 5th of 39 in Europe. The score shows how well a country could keep electricity affordable and on if fuel supplies were disrupted.
| Measure | Score |
|---|---|
| Produces its own energy In 2024, Finland produced energy equal to 62% of all the energy it used (100% or more scores full marks). | 62 |
| Variety of power sources How evenly generation is spread across nine sources. The largest, nuclear, made 40%. | 82 |
| Little reliance on imported power Net imports were 6.3% of demand; each 1% takes off 2 points. | 87 |
| Low-carbon power Nuclear and renewables made 96% of generation. | 96 |
| Low gas and oil use Gas and oil made 3.5% of generation; the score is 100 minus that share. | 97 |
The five measures are weighted 30%, 20%, 20%, 15% and 15%. How the score works.
Oil and gas pipelines
Global Energy Monitor lists 804 km of oil and gas pipelines operating in Finland, 0 km being built and 0 km proposed (lengths measured along the mapped routes; a pipeline crossing borders counts in full for each country). For liquefied natural gas (LNG), shipped by sea, it lists 4 import terminals operating (0 more being built or proposed).
See them on the interactive map · Pipelines around the world
How it has changed
| Year | Generated | Low-carbon | Fossil | CO₂ g/kWh |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 70.0 TWh | 65% | 35% | 247 |
| 2005 | 70.6 TWh | 67% | 34% | 231 |
| 2010 | 80.6 TWh | 58% | 42% | 315 |
| 2015 | 68.6 TWh | 78% | 23% | 182 |
| 2020 | 69.2 TWh | 86% | 15% | 130 |
| 2024 | 82.5 TWh | 96% | 5% | 67 |
| 2025 | 82.3 TWh | 96% | 3% | 57 |
Questions about Finland's energy
What is Finland's energy mix?
In 2025, Finland's electricity came from nuclear 40%, wind 27%, hydro 15% and bioenergy 13%. Counting all the energy it uses, including fuel for transport and heating, the mix in 2024 was oil 27%, nuclear 24%, wind 15% and hydro 11%.
How much of Finland's electricity is renewable?
57% of its electricity came from renewables in 2025 (wind 27%, hydro 15%, bioenergy 13% and solar 1.2%). Including nuclear power, 96% of its electricity was low-carbon.
What is Finland's main source of electricity?
Nuclear, which made 40% of its electricity in 2025.
How clean is Finland's electricity?
About 57 grams of CO₂ for each kilowatt hour in 2025, far below the world average of 458 grams. It ranks 14th cleanest of 158 countries that generate at least 1 TWh a year.
Does Finland import electricity?
Yes: in 2025 it imported 5.56 TWh more than it exported, 6.3% of its demand.
How secure is Finland's energy supply?
Global Grid's energy security score for Finland is 81 out of 100 (strong), 16th of 158 countries. It looks at how much of its own energy it produces, how varied its power sources are, its reliance on imported power and its use of low-carbon power, gas and oil.
Other countries in Europe
Sources: Ember yearly electricity data (CC BY 4.0), figures up to 2025; energy production and use by source from the Energy Institute Statistical Review via Our World in Data (CC BY 4.0), 2024; pipelines and LNG terminals from Global Energy Monitor's Global Oil Infrastructure Tracker (June 2026 release) and Global Gas Infrastructure Tracker (November 2025 release) (CC BY 4.0). Ember's latest-year figures are first estimates and may be revised. TWh: terawatt hours (one billion kWh).