Global GridThe Netherlands' energy mix and electricity
🇳🇱 In 2025, the Netherlands generated 135 TWh of electricity. The largest source was gas at 35%, followed by wind (25%) and solar (21%). In total, 54% came from low-carbon sources (nuclear and renewables) and 46% from fossil fuels.
On average, each kilowatt hour produced about 254 grams of carbon dioxide (CO₂), below the world average of 458 grams in 2025. That makes the Netherlands the 52nd cleanest of 158 countries that generate at least 1 TWh a year.
Electricity demand was 121 TWh. The Netherlands exported 13.9 TWh more electricity than it imported.
Since 2000, electricity generation has grown by 53%, from 88.1 TWh. The low-carbon share went from 8% to 54%. The biggest rise was in wind, from 1% to 25% of generation. The biggest fall was in gas, from 59% to 35%. Carbon intensity fell from 540 to 254 grams per kWh.
Live figures for the Netherlands, updated about every hour, are on the live dashboard.
The Netherlands is linked to Great Britain by an undersea power cable: BritNed (1,000 MW). See every UK interconnector.
Energy mix in 2025
- Gas 35%
- Wind 25%
- Solar 21%
- Coal 7.1%
- Bioenergy 5.1%
- Oil and other fossil fuels 3.9%
- Nuclear 3%
| Source | Share | Generated |
|---|---|---|
| Gas | 35% | 47.1 TWh |
| Wind | 25% | 33.8 TWh |
| Solar | 21% | 28.5 TWh |
| Coal | 7.1% | 9.58 TWh |
| Bioenergy | 5.1% | 6.89 TWh |
| Oil and other fossil fuels | 3.9% | 5.27 TWh |
| Nuclear | 3% | 4.05 TWh |
Total energy mix in 2024
Electricity is only part of the energy the Netherlands uses: fuel for transport, heating and industry counts too. In 2024, the Netherlands used 926 TWh of energy in all (primary energy). The largest source was oil at 47%, followed by gas (29%) and wind (8.9%). Fossil fuels made up 81% and low-carbon sources (nuclear and renewables) 19%.
- Oil 47%
- Gas 29%
- Wind 8.9%
- Solar 5.8%
- Coal 5.2%
- Other renewables 2.4%
- Nuclear 1%
- Biofuels 1%
| Source | Share of all energy |
|---|---|
| Oil | 47% |
| Gas | 29% |
| Wind | 8.9% |
| Solar | 5.8% |
| Coal | 5.2% |
| Other renewables | 2.4% |
| Nuclear | 1% |
| Biofuels | 1% |
Primary energy, with nuclear and renewable electricity counted as the fuel a power station would need to make it (the "substitution method"). Here "other renewables" is the Energy Institute's "geothermal, biomass and other" power generation, and biofuels are liquid fuels such as ethanol and biodiesel. Source: Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy via Our World in Data (CC BY 4.0).
Energy security score
Moderate. The Netherlands ranks 87th of 158 countries and 24th of 39 in Europe. The score shows how well a country could keep electricity affordable and on if fuel supplies were disrupted.
| Measure | Score |
|---|---|
| Produces its own energy In 2024, the Netherlands produced energy equal to 28% of all the energy it used (100% or more scores full marks). | 28 |
| Variety of power sources How evenly generation is spread across nine sources. The largest, gas, made 35%. | 86 |
| Little reliance on imported power The Netherlands exported more electricity than it imported, so it scores full marks. | 100 |
| Low-carbon power Nuclear and renewables made 54% of generation. | 54 |
| Low gas and oil use Gas and oil made 39% of generation; the score is 100 minus that share. | 61 |
The five measures are weighted 30%, 20%, 20%, 15% and 15%. How the score works.
Oil and gas pipelines
Global Energy Monitor lists 8,019 km of oil and gas pipelines operating in the Netherlands, 0 km being built and 0 km proposed (lengths measured along the mapped routes; a pipeline crossing borders counts in full for each country). For liquefied natural gas (LNG), shipped by sea, it lists 2 import terminals operating (3 more being built or proposed).
See them on the interactive map · Pipelines around the world
How it has changed
| Year | Generated | Low-carbon | Fossil | CO₂ g/kWh |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 88.1 TWh | 8% | 93% | 540 |
| 2005 | 98.5 TWh | 11% | 89% | 512 |
| 2010 | 118 TWh | 12% | 87% | 478 |
| 2015 | 109 TWh | 17% | 84% | 551 |
| 2020 | 122 TWh | 30% | 70% | 343 |
| 2024 | 122 TWh | 54% | 46% | 251 |
| 2025 | 135 TWh | 54% | 46% | 254 |
Questions about the Netherlands' energy
What is the Netherlands' energy mix?
In 2025, the Netherlands' electricity came from gas 35%, wind 25%, solar 21% and coal 7.1%. Counting all the energy it uses, including fuel for transport and heating, the mix in 2024 was oil 47%, gas 29%, wind 8.9% and solar 5.8%.
How much of the Netherlands' electricity is renewable?
51% of its electricity came from renewables in 2025 (wind 25%, solar 21% and bioenergy 5.1%). Including nuclear power, 54% of its electricity was low-carbon.
What is the Netherlands' main source of electricity?
Gas, which made 35% of its electricity in 2025.
How clean is the Netherlands' electricity?
About 254 grams of CO₂ for each kilowatt hour in 2025, below the world average of 458 grams. It ranks 52nd cleanest of 158 countries that generate at least 1 TWh a year.
Does the Netherlands import electricity?
It is a net exporter: in 2025 it exported 13.9 TWh more electricity than it imported.
How secure is the Netherlands' energy supply?
Global Grid's energy security score for the Netherlands is 63 out of 100 (moderate), 87th of 158 countries. It looks at how much of its own energy it produces, how varied its power sources are, its reliance on imported power and its use of low-carbon power, gas and oil.
Other countries in Europe
Sources: Ember yearly electricity data (CC BY 4.0), figures up to 2025; energy production and use by source from the Energy Institute Statistical Review via Our World in Data (CC BY 4.0), 2024; pipelines and LNG terminals from Global Energy Monitor's Global Oil Infrastructure Tracker (June 2026 release) and Global Gas Infrastructure Tracker (November 2025 release) (CC BY 4.0). Ember's latest-year figures are first estimates and may be revised. TWh: terawatt hours (one billion kWh).