Global GridPortugal's energy mix and electricity
🇵🇹 In 2025, Portugal generated 51.1 TWh of electricity. The largest source was hydro at 30%, followed by wind (27%) and solar (17%). In total, 81% came from low-carbon sources (nuclear and renewables) and 19% from fossil fuels.
On average, each kilowatt hour produced about 128 grams of carbon dioxide (CO₂), far below the world average of 458 grams in 2025. That makes Portugal the 28th cleanest of 158 countries that generate at least 1 TWh a year.
Electricity demand was 60.4 TWh. Portugal imported 9.29 TWh more electricity than it exported, equal to 15% of its demand.
Since 2000, electricity generation has grown by 18%, from 43.2 TWh. The low-carbon share went from 29% to 81%. The biggest rise was in wind, from 0% to 27% of generation. The biggest fall was in coal, from 34% to 0%. Carbon intensity fell from 546 to 128 grams per kWh.
Live figures for Portugal, updated about every hour, are on the live dashboard.
Energy mix in 2025
- Hydro 30%
- Wind 27%
- Solar 17%
- Gas 17%
- Bioenergy 6.7%
- Oil and other fossil fuels 2.6%
- Geothermal 0.4%
| Source | Share | Generated |
|---|---|---|
| Hydro | 30% | 15.2 TWh |
| Wind | 27% | 13.7 TWh |
| Solar | 17% | 8.84 TWh |
| Gas | 17% | 8.43 TWh |
| Bioenergy | 6.7% | 3.42 TWh |
| Oil and other fossil fuels | 2.6% | 1.33 TWh |
| Geothermal | 0.4% | 0.20 TWh |
Total energy mix in 2024
Electricity is only part of the energy Portugal uses: fuel for transport, heating and industry counts too. In 2024, Portugal used 270 TWh of energy in all (primary energy). The largest source was oil at 46%, followed by gas (14%) and hydro (14%). Fossil fuels made up 60% and low-carbon sources (nuclear and renewables) 40%.
- Oil 46%
- Gas 14%
- Hydro 14%
- Wind 13%
- Solar 6.5%
- Other renewables 4.6%
- Biofuels 1.7%
| Source | Share of all energy |
|---|---|
| Oil | 46% |
| Gas | 14% |
| Hydro | 14% |
| Wind | 13% |
| Solar | 6.5% |
| Other renewables | 4.6% |
| Biofuels | 1.7% |
Primary energy, with nuclear and renewable electricity counted as the fuel a power station would need to make it (the "substitution method"). Here "other renewables" is the Energy Institute's "geothermal, biomass and other" power generation, and biofuels are liquid fuels such as ethanol and biodiesel. Source: Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy via Our World in Data (CC BY 4.0).
Energy security score
Moderate. Portugal ranks 78th of 158 countries and 23rd of 39 in Europe. The score shows how well a country could keep electricity affordable and on if fuel supplies were disrupted.
| Measure | Score |
|---|---|
| Produces its own energy In 2024, Portugal produced energy equal to 39% of all the energy it used (100% or more scores full marks). | 39 |
| Variety of power sources How evenly generation is spread across nine sources. The largest, hydro, made 30%. | 87 |
| Little reliance on imported power Net imports were 15% of demand; each 1% takes off 2 points. | 69 |
| Low-carbon power Nuclear and renewables made 81% of generation. | 81 |
| Low gas and oil use Gas and oil made 19% of generation; the score is 100 minus that share. | 81 |
The five measures are weighted 30%, 20%, 20%, 15% and 15%. How the score works.
Oil and gas pipelines
Global Energy Monitor lists 1,881 km of oil and gas pipelines operating in Portugal, 0 km being built and 0 km proposed (lengths measured along the mapped routes; a pipeline crossing borders counts in full for each country). For liquefied natural gas (LNG), shipped by sea, it lists 1 import terminal operating (0 more being built or proposed).
See them on the interactive map · Pipelines around the world
How it has changed
| Year | Generated | Low-carbon | Fossil | CO₂ g/kWh |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 43.2 TWh | 29% | 71% | 546 |
| 2005 | 46.0 TWh | 18% | 82% | 595 |
| 2010 | 53.5 TWh | 52% | 47% | 317 |
| 2015 | 51.1 TWh | 48% | 53% | 414 |
| 2020 | 51.4 TWh | 58% | 42% | 248 |
| 2024 | 47.3 TWh | 85% | 15% | 111 |
| 2025 | 51.1 TWh | 81% | 20% | 128 |
Questions about Portugal's energy
What is Portugal's energy mix?
In 2025, Portugal's electricity came from hydro 30%, wind 27%, solar 17% and gas 17%. Counting all the energy it uses, including fuel for transport and heating, the mix in 2024 was oil 46%, gas 14%, hydro 14% and wind 13%.
How much of Portugal's electricity is renewable?
81% of its electricity came from renewables in 2025 (hydro 30%, wind 27%, solar 17% and bioenergy 6.7%).
What is Portugal's main source of electricity?
Hydro, which made 30% of its electricity in 2025.
How clean is Portugal's electricity?
About 128 grams of CO₂ for each kilowatt hour in 2025, far below the world average of 458 grams. It ranks 28th cleanest of 158 countries that generate at least 1 TWh a year.
Does Portugal import electricity?
Yes: in 2025 it imported 9.29 TWh more than it exported, 15% of its demand.
How secure is Portugal's energy supply?
Global Grid's energy security score for Portugal is 67 out of 100 (moderate), 78th of 158 countries. It looks at how much of its own energy it produces, how varied its power sources are, its reliance on imported power and its use of low-carbon power, gas and oil.
Other countries in Europe
Sources: Ember yearly electricity data (CC BY 4.0), figures up to 2025; energy production and use by source from the Energy Institute Statistical Review via Our World in Data (CC BY 4.0), 2024; pipelines and LNG terminals from Global Energy Monitor's Global Oil Infrastructure Tracker (June 2026 release) and Global Gas Infrastructure Tracker (November 2025 release) (CC BY 4.0). Ember's latest-year figures are first estimates and may be revised. TWh: terawatt hours (one billion kWh).