Global GridSwitzerland's energy mix and electricity
🇨🇭 In 2025, Switzerland generated 65.0 TWh of electricity. The largest source was hydro at 52%, followed by nuclear (30%) and solar (12%). In total, 98% came from low-carbon sources (nuclear and renewables) and 2.3% from fossil fuels.
On average, each kilowatt hour produced about 39 grams of carbon dioxide (CO₂), far below the world average of 458 grams in 2025. That makes Switzerland the 10th cleanest of 158 countries that generate at least 1 TWh a year.
Electricity demand was 65.1 TWh. Switzerland imported 0.06 TWh more electricity than it exported, equal to 0.1% of its demand.
Since 2000, electricity generation has stayed about the same, from 66.1 TWh. The low-carbon share went from 97% to 98%. The biggest rise was in solar, from 0% to 12% of generation. The biggest fall was in nuclear, from 40% to 30%.
Live figures for Switzerland, updated about every hour, are on the live dashboard.
Energy mix in 2025
- Hydro 52%
- Nuclear 30%
- Solar 12%
- Oil and other fossil fuels 1.9%
- Bioenergy 1.6%
- Other renewables 1.6%
- Gas 0.4%
- Wind 0.2%
| Source | Share | Generated |
|---|---|---|
| Hydro | 52% | 34.0 TWh |
| Nuclear | 30% | 19.4 TWh |
| Solar | 12% | 7.87 TWh |
| Oil and other fossil fuels | 1.9% | 1.23 TWh |
| Bioenergy | 1.6% | 1.04 TWh |
| Other renewables | 1.6% | 1.04 TWh |
| Gas | 0.4% | 0.26 TWh |
| Wind | 0.2% | 0.13 TWh |
Total energy mix in 2024
Electricity is only part of the energy Switzerland uses: fuel for transport, heating and industry counts too. In 2024, Switzerland used 339 TWh of energy in all (primary energy). The largest source was hydro at 33%, followed by oil (33%) and nuclear (17%). Fossil fuels made up 43% and low-carbon sources (nuclear and renewables) 57%.
- Hydro 33%
- Oil 33%
- Nuclear 17%
- Gas 10%
- Solar 4.4%
- Other renewables 1.5%
- Biofuels 0.7%
- Coal 0.3%
- Wind 0.1%
| Source | Share of all energy |
|---|---|
| Hydro | 33% |
| Oil | 33% |
| Nuclear | 17% |
| Gas | 10% |
| Solar | 4.4% |
| Other renewables | 1.5% |
| Biofuels | 0.7% |
| Coal | 0.3% |
| Wind | 0.1% |
Primary energy, with nuclear and renewable electricity counted as the fuel a power station would need to make it (the "substitution method"). Here "other renewables" is the Energy Institute's "geothermal, biomass and other" power generation, and biofuels are liquid fuels such as ethanol and biodiesel. Source: Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy via Our World in Data (CC BY 4.0).
Energy security score
Strong. Switzerland ranks 21st of 158 countries and 6th of 39 in Europe. The score shows how well a country could keep electricity affordable and on if fuel supplies were disrupted.
| Measure | Score |
|---|---|
| Produces its own energy In 2024, Switzerland produced energy equal to 55% of all the energy it used (100% or more scores full marks). | 55 |
| Variety of power sources How evenly generation is spread across nine sources. The largest, hydro, made 52%. | 70 |
| Little reliance on imported power Net imports were 0.1% of demand; each 1% takes off 2 points. | 100 |
| Low-carbon power Nuclear and renewables made 98% of generation. | 98 |
| Low gas and oil use Gas and oil made 2.3% of generation; the score is 100 minus that share. | 98 |
The five measures are weighted 30%, 20%, 20%, 15% and 15%. How the score works.
Oil and gas pipelines
Global Energy Monitor lists 2,609 km of oil and gas pipelines operating in Switzerland, 0 km being built and 0 km proposed (lengths measured along the mapped routes; a pipeline crossing borders counts in full for each country).
See them on the interactive map · Pipelines around the world
How it has changed
| Year | Generated | Low-carbon | Fossil | CO₂ g/kWh |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 66.1 TWh | 97% | 3% | 34 |
| 2005 | 57.8 TWh | 95% | 4% | 38 |
| 2010 | 66.0 TWh | 97% | 4% | 36 |
| 2015 | 66.1 TWh | 98% | 3% | 36 |
| 2020 | 68.5 TWh | 97% | 3% | 37 |
| 2024 | 78.4 TWh | 97% | 2% | 35 |
| 2025 | 65.0 TWh | 98% | 2% | 39 |
Questions about Switzerland's energy
What is Switzerland's energy mix?
In 2025, Switzerland's electricity came from hydro 52%, nuclear 30%, solar 12% and oil and other fossil fuels 1.9%. Counting all the energy it uses, including fuel for transport and heating, the mix in 2024 was hydro 33%, oil 33%, nuclear 17% and gas 10%.
How much of Switzerland's electricity is renewable?
68% of its electricity came from renewables in 2025 (hydro 52%, solar 12%, bioenergy 1.6% and other renewables 1.6%). Including nuclear power, 98% of its electricity was low-carbon.
What is Switzerland's main source of electricity?
Hydro, which made 52% of its electricity in 2025.
How clean is Switzerland's electricity?
About 39 grams of CO₂ for each kilowatt hour in 2025, far below the world average of 458 grams. It ranks 10th cleanest of 158 countries that generate at least 1 TWh a year.
Does Switzerland import electricity?
Yes: in 2025 it imported 0.06 TWh more than it exported, 0.1% of its demand.
How secure is Switzerland's energy supply?
Global Grid's energy security score for Switzerland is 80 out of 100 (strong), 21st of 158 countries. It looks at how much of its own energy it produces, how varied its power sources are, its reliance on imported power and its use of low-carbon power, gas and oil.
Other countries in Europe
Sources: Ember yearly electricity data (CC BY 4.0), figures up to 2025; energy production and use by source from the Energy Institute Statistical Review via Our World in Data (CC BY 4.0), 2024; pipelines and LNG terminals from Global Energy Monitor's Global Oil Infrastructure Tracker (June 2026 release) and Global Gas Infrastructure Tracker (November 2025 release) (CC BY 4.0). Ember's latest-year figures are first estimates and may be revised. TWh: terawatt hours (one billion kWh).